Organisms and their relationships.

1. Organisms and Their Relationships
● Module 2, Lesson 1.
By: Rasha Shawky

2. Ecology and Organisms: Relationships and
Interactions
This presentation discusses the study of Ecology
and the interactions between living organisms. It
explores the biosphere and its biotic and abiotic
factors, as well as the different levels of
organization and ecosystem interactions,
including symbiosis.

3. Focus Questions
-Why would a bird build a
nest in a tree with
thorns?
-What relationships among
organisms might exist
with a bird nest built in a
thorny tree?

4. Ecology
• Ecology is the study of how living organisms interact
with other living things and how they interact with
their environment.
• Ecologists study organisms, their adaptations, and
environmental factors.
• The first scientist that introduced Ecology is Ernest
Haeckel, a German biologist in 1866.
• Scientists that study Ecology are called Ecologists.
• Ecologists observe, experiment and model using a
variety of tools and methods.

5. The Biosphere
• The portion of Earth that supports life is called the
biosphere.
• Biosphere includes ONLY the part of the Earth that
includes life; it extends into the atmosphere and below
the ocean’s surface. It includes landmasses, bodies of
fresh-water and saltwater, and all locations beyond
Earth’s surface that supports life.

6. -The living things in
an organism’s
environment are the
biotic factors.
Examples?
-Nonliving things in an organism’s
environment are abiotic factors.
Examples?
The Biosphere
• Organisms depend on
abiotic factors for survival.
• Organisms are adapted to
abiotic factors in their
environment.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=E1pp_7-yTN4

7. Levels of Organization
Levels of Organization increase in complexity as the numbers
and interactions between organisms increase.
● Organism (individual living thing)
● Population (group of organisms of same species in the
same place at the same time)
● Biological community (all interacting populations in the
same place at the same time; only living things)
● Ecosystem (all biotic and abiotic factors in a community)
● Biome (group of ecosystems with similar climates &
communities)
● Biosphere (all the biomes on Earth)
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7ClcRJ7GGA

8. Levels of Organization

9. Ecosystem Interactions
-A community increases its chance for
survival when it shares available resources by
using them in different ways.
-Ex: Community of different birds using the
resources in the same tree but in different
ways.
● A habitat is the area where an organism
lives.
● Niches are the role or position an
organism has in its environment.
-How it gets food, shelter, and
reproduces.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=p8NdASl4jY4

10. Community Interactions
● Competition occurs when more than one
organism use the same resource at the
same time.
- Usually strong survive and weak die.
● Predation one organism pursues &
consumes another organism for food.
-Predator: the organism that pursues
another organism.
-Prey: the organism that is pursued.

11. Symbiosis (symbiotic relationships)
Is the relationship that exists when two or more species live together.
Three kinds of symbiosis:
● Mutualism both organisms benefit
● Commensalism one benefits & the other is not helped or harmed
● Parasitism one benefits & the other is harmed.
Algae growing on Sloth fur
Lichens growing on a tree
Tomato hornworm infected
by parasitic wasp
Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism

12. https://quizizz.com/join?gc=71465769
Thank you. Please feel free to ask any questions. 😄