The document outlines the significance of teaching English in India, emphasizing its role in administration, law, trade, and education. It details objectives for language acquisition, focusing on listening, speaking, reading, and writing, as well as the cultural and psychological principles involved in language teaching. Lastly, it highlights the relationship between language and culture, underscoring that language is a key component of cultural identity and communication.

1. (PART : I METHODOLOGY)

2. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF
TEACHING ENGLISH

3. THE IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH IN INDIA
As an official language of administration:
An act of Parliament in 1963 declared
English as the associate official language.
As a language of the court:
This is the only suitable language for
legal transaction.
As a language of international trade and
industry:
This fields are carried on in English
like, Maintenance of Accounts, Audit &
Correspondence are done in English.

4.  In our social life:
Many peoples to talk in English.
 As a window on the modern world:
Jawaharlal Nehru has said, “ English is our
major window on the modern world.”
 As a link language:
English is a link language in India. It is the
only language which is understood in all states.
 As a library language:
The key to the store-house of scientific,
technological & computer knowledge. It is the only
language through which maximum knowledge can be
presented to students.

5. In our educational system:
English is taught compulsorily in
most of the states in the country. It is the
medium of instruction in all the Institutions.
Regional Institutes to train the teachers of
English in new methods & techniques of
teaching English.
On the internet:
Websites are created in English. E-
Mail, Face book, Social interactions & web
pages on the internet are in English.

6. THE RATIONALE FOR LEARNING ENGLISH:
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Earlier Estimate
Recent Estimate
Native Speaker
Second Language
Foreign Language

7. UNESCO SURVEY

8. English is an official or semi-official language in
all over 60 countries.
English is the main language of books,
newspapers, airports and air-traffic control,
international business and academic conferences,
science, technology, medicine, diplomacy sports,
international competitions, pop music &
advertising.
Many world’s scientists write our invention report
in English.
World’s Mail is written in English.
80% World’s electronic retrieval system’s
information is stored in English.

9. English radio programmes are received by over 150
million in 120 countries.
English is an additional language for 50 million
children at primary level & 80 million children at
secondary level.
British Council helps foreign students to learn
English in various parts of the world.

10. SIGNIFICANCE OF ENGLISH
“ When I finished learning English, my salary as
secretary will increase by nearly ten times.”
- Egyptian trainee secretary.

11. “ After I learned English, I felt I was in touch with
the international world for the very first time.”
- Nigerian Teacher.
-

12. AIMS OF TEACHING ENGLISH IN
SCHOOLS
The main aim of Teaching English is to
help children to acquire practical
command of English.
It means Indian Children should be able
to read, write, speak and understand
simple idiomatic English.

13. THOMPSON AND WYATT’S FOUR FOLD
OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING ENGLISH:
To
Understand
Spoken
English
To Read &
Understand
Written
English
To Speak
Correct
English
To Write
Correct
English

14. To Understand Spoken English:

15. Elliptical and idiomatic usages.
Unfamiliar Intonation.
Peculiar Pronunciation.
Speed at which words are spoken.
( Students should hear different Person’s
Speaking English.)

16. To Read & Understand Written
English

17. The Teacher should help students read
the texts & to develop the habit of silent
and speed reading.
The Students should be made familiar
with words and construction of
sentences.
Oral & Silent reading must be developed
for correct pronunciation and
intonation.
The Teacher should test the students.

18. TO SPEAK CORRECT ENGLISH

19. Acquire the ability to speak accurately, correctly &
fluently.
Teacher to create an atmosphere of English.
Aspects of the language:
- Simple Vocabulary & Practical Phrases.
- Idioms & Phrases.
- Correct Pronunciation & Intonation.
- Simple & Everyday English.
- Company of English-Speaking Persons.
- Listening to talks & Lectures in English.
- Use Teaching Learning Materials.

20. TO WRITE CORRECT ENGLISH

21. The Student should be able to write simple
things connected with his daily life.
Student should be able to express his ideas in
simple English.
They are not expected to write about abstract
concepts or lofty themes or weighty topics.
The Students have to learn:
- Formation of letters.
- Spelling of words.
- Selection of right words.
- construction of sentences.
- Grammatical structures.

22. Finally, All the four aims of teaching English
are equally important. Emphasis should not be
placed on one or two skills alone.
Every Student should be given the
opportunities for learning all four skills in
English.
Total experience and active engagement in
these skills are essential for the student to attain
mastery over English as a second language.

23. OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING ENGLISH
CULTURAL
LINGUISTIC
UTILITARIANLITERARY
INTEGRATIVE

24. CULTURAL MODEL:
It is the most traditional approach which
examines the social, political & historical
background to a text, literary movement and
genres.
This approach tends to be quite teacher-centered.
LINGUISTIC MODEL:
It views the text as a tool to learn the
way how English Language is used. It aims to help
students read and study literature or texts more
competently.

25. UTILITARIAN MODEL:
It views the texts as a tool for personal growth of
students. The Interaction between the text & students
help them develop a practical command of the
language.
LITERARY MODEL:
Language teaching through the textbooks should
help students to become a literary person.
Literature should teach students to live, not merely
exist.
INTEGRATIVE MODEL:
It is considers the English Language teaching as a
total process and product. It aims to provide
opportunities for individuals to use English according
to their personal preferences & talents.

26. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LANGUAGE
TEACHING
According to Robert Lado (1964), language teaching
involves the following general principles:
Speech before Writing:
First, we should be taught Listening &
Speaking, and then Reading & Writing. Teacher
should serve as a good model to an authentic
speech.
 Basic Sentences:
The Teacher should help the students to
memorize basic conversational sentences. These
are preferable to poetry or prose.

27. Pattern as Habits:
The Teacher should establish the patterns
as habits through pattern practice. The students
must learn to use them.
Sound System for Use:
Teacher must teach the sound system
structurally for use by imitation, props, contrast &
practice.
Vocabulary Control:
The teachers need not concentrate on
teaching more vocabulary at the beginning, They
should keep the vocabulary load to a minimum,
while the students are mastering the sound system
& the grammatical pattern.

28. Teaching the language backgrounds:
The teacher should create a
background on the students. because, the
problems are those unit and patterns that
show structural difference between the first
language & the second.
Writing as Representation by Speech:
Reading & Writing should be taught
on the basis of the language units and
patterns that the students. A good speaker
should be a good writer also.

29. Graded Patterns:
The language pattern must ‘be taught
gradually, in cumulative graded steps’. Students to
acquire a new system of habits, & this habits are
acquired slowly. For ex,
The teacher must:
- Begin with sentences, not words & sequence
them.
- Introduce sub-sentence elements.
- Add each new element or pattern to previous
one as “cumulative steps”.
- Adapt the learning difficulty to the capacity.

30. Language Practice Vs Translation:
Translation is not a substitute for language
practice. It may be taught as a separate skills.
Authentic Language Standards:
It means to be taught should be similar to
educated native speakers.
Practice:
It increases the amount of learning. So the
student must be engaged in practice most of the
learning time.
Shaping of responses:
The teacher can help the student give a full
response by the methods of partial practice & props.

31. Immediate Reinforcement:
While teaching, the student should
know immediately the correctness or
incorrectness of his response.
Content:
The Content of the second language
should be taught as it has developed by the
nature.
Teaching for Learning Outcomes:
It describe the measurable skills,
abilities, knowledge or values that students
should be able to them.

32. PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING
ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE
MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY:
Psychology is the study of human
behavior. It has made three major
contributions to our understanding of
learning.
- Learning Theories
- Experimental researches on learning
- Laws of learning

33. Psychological Principles:
It enables the teacher to design his teaching
methods in an effective way.
Individual Differences:
Language learning takes place at different rates
for different persons.
Learning Readiness:
Mental & Physical readiness of the learner are
essential for learning a language.
Memory Span:
It is a test of working memory. Too long
sentences cause forgetting. The teacher must use
simple & short sentences so that the student’s
memory span can retain them.

34. Motivation:
The teacher must motivate the students by
indicating the importance, relevance & utility of
all communication during the learning period.
Total Experience:
The teacher must provide a total language
experience – listening, speaking, reading &
writing.
Learning by Imitation:
Children learn by observation & imitation.
The teacher should serve as a good model for
students to learn the language skills.

35. Attention & Awareness:
The teacher should help students pay
attention to the expression, content &
association.
Immediate Reinforcement:
The immediate responses is to be
strengthened. This is to help the student develop
correct language habits.
Law of Exercise:
It emphasizes practice. It increases learning.
The students must be engaged in practice most of
the learning time, because practice brings
perfection.

36. Positive Attitude & Interest:
Every teacher must attempt to develop
positive attitude among his students towards
learning English. Positive Attitude promotes
interest, and, in turn, interest increases
effective learning.
Meaningful Verbal Learning:
If, the materials are meaningful, the
learning will be enhanced. If, the materials are
not meaningful, the learning will be
decreased. It implies that the language should
be taught in a meaningful situation.

37. Willingness to learn:
Co-operation of the learner is an essential
factor in learning. Students should be given
opportunities for practice with the will to learn.
Facilitation & Interference:
If the first language (mother-tongue) and
English have functional similarities in structures,
expressions contents and associations, English
language learning will be facilitated. Since the
Indian languages & English differ in their language
aspects, learning of the second language becomes
difficult. So the teacher must make a comparative
analysis of both languages & to explain the
contrastive elements of the languages.

38. Learner-centred Teaching:
The Learner-centred Teaching is more
effective than the teacher-centred Teaching. The
teacher must design and create more classroom
activities for the students to learn individually or
in groups.
Finally, Psychology is a growing field
where new theories, & principles related to
learning are proposed continuously. Hence a
language teacher must have a close contact with
the new knowledge in the field of psychology to
make his teaching more effective so that the
students can learn the second language quickly,
naturally & effectively.

39. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURE &
LANGUAGE
[‘Culture’ refers to the total life system of a particular
community or a human race. It involves thoughts,
beliefs, traditions, language, arts & values of people
belonging to a community.]
LANGUAGE AND CULTURE:
A Language is a part of the culture- the people’s
way of life. It is the people of a particular
community communicates. Thus, language is a
component of culture. In other words, a language –
its words & literature – are culturally determined.

40. THANK YOU