Production technology of Banana

1. PRESENTED BY:
RAKESH KUMAR PATTNAIK
Asst. Prof. Horticulture
MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Dt- 27-04-20
LECTURE 4. BANANA
Production technology for fruit and plantation crops-
HT-244 (2+1)

2. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Botanical name: Musa spp.
Family: Musaceae
Origin: Tropical regions of South East Asia (Assam, Burma,
Indo-China region).
Chromosome No. (2n, 3n,4n)-:11,22,33,44
 Apple of Paradise
 Tree of wisdom
 Arabic term Muza
Nutritional Value:
o Good source of vitamin A and a fair source of Vitamin-C and
B2.
o Rich source of minerals like magnesium, sodium, potassium
and phosphorous and fair source of calcium and iron.

3. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES

4. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Varieties:
In banana there are three types.
A. Table varieties -Poovan, dwarf Cavendish, Robusta,
Grand nine, Rasthali, Grosmichel, Virupakshi,
Nendran, Monthan.
B. Culinary varieties: Monthan. There are also other
varieties like Yenugu bontha and boodidha bontha
belonging to this group.
C. Hill Bananas: Virupakhi (Syn: Sirumalai, and Mala
Vazhai.)

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CLIMATE:
 Temperature range of 10-40OC and an average of 23OC.
 Low temperature i.e. Less than 10OC is unsuitable since, they lead to a condition called
choke or impeded inflorescence
 Average 100 mm rainfall per month
 Altitude of 1500m MSL.
 well drained and deep (At least 1m depth).
 Saline soils with salinity percentage exceeding 0.05 are unsuitable.
 Banana can grow well even under slightly alkaline soils. avoiding the
wilt disease, which is known to be severe in acid soils.
SOIL:

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PROPAGATION:
Suckers: There are two types of suckers.
1) Water sucker
2) Sword sucker.
 Rhizomes:
 1-2 feet.
 450-900 grams (two months )
 bits of 1 kilogram
Selection of sucker:
 Select only 3-4 months old suckers.
 4-5 cm diameter at the base and 2-3 kg weight.
 Preparation of the sucker:
 20-30 cm height in a slanting manner.
 Dipped in 0.1% cereson @ 1 g.per litre of water for 5
minutes

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Land preparation:
 Pits of 45cm x 45cm x 45cm
 The soil from the pits should be mixed with the
following thoroughly.
 5-10 kg of FYM
 0.5 kg of castor or neem cake
 2 kg of wood ash or 50 grams of muriate of potash
 200 grams of super phosphate.
 Pit 50 grams of lindane dust to control weevil.
 Rhizome at a depth of 10-15cm.
Season of planting
 Wet lands: Feb – April: Poovan, Rasthali, Monthan,
Karpooravalli and Ney poovan.
 April – May: Nendran and Robusta
 Garden lands: January – February and November –
December.
 Padugai lands: January – February and August –
September.
Hill Banana: April – May (lower Palani hills); June –
August (Sirumalai)

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Spacing:
Variety Spacing (Meters) No. Of plants/ha.
Poovan, Monthan,
Rasthali & Nendran
2.1 X 2.1 2150
Dwarf Cavendish 1.8 X 1.8 3000
Robusta 1.8 X 1.8 3000
Nendran 2.0 X 2.0
2.4 X 3.0
2500
1350
Hill bananas 4.8 X 3.0
4.8 X 4.8
670
420
Irrigation:
 After 4 days; subsequent irrigations
 Once in 10 – 15 days for wet lands
 Drip irrigation @ 15 litres / plant / day from
planting to 4th month, 20 litres / plant /day
from 5th month to shooting and 25 litres /
plant / day from shooting till 15 days prior
to harvest.

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 Apply N as Neem coated urea. Apply N and K in 3 splits on 3rd, 5th and
7th month, Phosphorous at 3rd month of planting.
 Apply 20 g in each of Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria at planting and
five months after planting (This should be applied prior to chemical
fertilizer application).

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Cultural operations in Banana:
 Desuckering:
 Trashing:
 Mattocking:
 Wrapping of bunches:
 Removal of male buds (Denavelling)-
 Bunch Spray
 Bunch Covering
 Propping
 Tipping (Denavelling)-:
 Removal of floral remnants:
 Earthing up: Weeding:
 Nutrient sprays:

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Cropping:
 Flowering in about 9 months after
planting
 Dwarf bananas are ready for harvest with
in 11-14 months after planting,
 While tall cultivars take about 14-16
months to harvest.
 The fruits become ready in 3-4 months
after flowering.
 In india the main banana season is from
September to April.
The indications of maturity for harvesting are:
 The fruits are harvested when top leaves start drying.
 Change in colour of the fruit from deep green to light
green.
 Tendency of floral ends of the fruits to shed with slightest
touch of the hand.
 Fruits should be plump and their angles should have
rounded off i.e.; after the attainment of ¾ th full stage
before the bunch is harvested.
 The entire bunch is harvested with one-foot long stalk.

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Yield:
 15-40 tonnes per hectare
 •Tall cultivars usually yield 15-20 tonnes /ha.
 •Dwarf varieties are 30-40 tonnes per hectare.

13. MITS INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES