Enzymes have many uses in clinical diagnosis and treatment, research, and industry. Clinically, enzymes are used to regulate digestion, diffuse drugs, treat wounds, dissolve blood clots, diagnose hypertension, and treat cancer. Enzymes are also used in recombinant DNA technology and genetic manipulation. Industrially, enzymes have wide applications in the dairy, detergent, starch, brewing, and pharmaceutical industries.

1. Mrs. RAJESWARI.R
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF FOODS AND NUTRITION,
SACWC,CUMBUM.

2. USES
Enzymes isolated from microbial cultures.
The enzymes may applied in our daily life. At
present, they are widely used in clinical diagnosis
of metabolic disorder and diseases.
1. Therapeutic uses
2. Analytical uses
3. Manipulative uses
4. Industrial uses

3. Clinical application
• Some enzymes are employed in the treatment
of diseases due to metabolic insufficiency.
Medicinal uses of enzymes are:
– Blood contain several enzymes, in which some of
them useful as diagnostic tools.
– They involved in mechanism of coagulation,
metabolic function in bld.

4. •under normal physiological conditions, the
concentration of the enzymes present in blood is very
low.
•Due to cell damage, concentration of enzyme is
increased in certain condition.

5. clinical uses of enzymes
• 1. regulate digestion
– Enzymes are present in the body, which help to cure digestive
disorders may arise. Pepsin, papain and amylases are digestion
in the stomach while pancreatic enzymes act in the duedenom.
2. Diffusion of drugs during infection:
Hyaluronidase obtained from beef testes in an useful agent to
drug such as antibiotics, adrenalin, heparin and local
anasthetics.
this enzyme hydrolyses polyhyaluronic acid, (the main
polysaccharide component of connective tissue) and aids the
diffusion of other substances by reducing the viscosity in the
locality of the injection.

6. • Wound healing
– Proteolytic enzymes from pig pancreas
are used to treat sin diseases, bed sores and
sloughing wounds. These enzymes act by
destroying proteolytic enzymes of man, which
prevent the healing of such wounds.
Wound cleanser
Trypsin has been used as an anti
inflammatory agent and as a wound cleanser.

7. • Dissolving blood clot
Hydrolytic enzymes have used in clinical trial to
liquefy blood clots due to physiological actions of
plasmin. Plasmin is produced slowly in the plasma by
action of fibrokinase or plasminogen.
Streptokinase (streptococcus) urokinase (from
human urine) are effective activators of plasminogen
and appear to be useful in relieving peripheral
thrombosis.
the enzyme urokinase is used in the treatment of
blood clot in brain, artery and other circulatory
diseases .
Plasminogen plasmin
insoluble fibrin --------------------->soluble peptides
fibrinogen

8. • Diagnostic hypertension:
• The activity of renin, a proteolytic enzyme secreted by
the kidneys is calculated indirectly by measuring
angiotensin-I . Renin act as regulating blood volume
and pressure.
Analysising biochemical:
some enzymes are used in the determination of
assays. Uricase and urease are used in the
determination of uric acid and urea in blood.

9. • Cancer therapy
– The enzyme asparaginase is used in cancer
therapy.
– L-Asparagin+H2O------> L-aspartate+NH3
– A number of different types of tumour ,
particularly lymphosacromas, have been found to
sensitive to asparaginase.
• Administration of asparaginase thus reduce the
circulating level of asparagine. Asparaginase treatment
has been effective in relief of acute lymphatic leukemia.

10. • Other clinical uses:
– Papain (papaya), ficin (fig) are used to remove
intestine worms. These enzymes digest cells of
worms, leading to death of worms.
– Pancreatin is used to remove digestive disturbances,
flatulence and dyspepsia.
– Thrombin isolated from blood of pigs is used to stop
post-operative bleeding and bleeding after tooth
extraction.
– Β-lactamase is given for pencillin allergy.
– Rhodonase is used to remove cyanide poisoning.
– Collagenase that hydrolyses collagen is used to cure
ulcers on the skin.

11. 2. Analytical uses
• Some enzymes are used in testing the
presence of certain substances in samples.

12. MANIPULATIVE USES
Many enzymes isolated from microbes are used for
manipulation of genetic make up of organism through
recombinant DNA technology.
Enzymes
 Reverse transcryptase
Ribonuclease – H
Klenow enzyme
SI endonuclease
Taq DNA polymerase
Restriction endo nuclease
Terminal nucleotidyl
Transferase alkaline phosphatase

13. INDUSTRIAL USES
Microbial enzymes have wide application in the diary industry,
detergent industry, starch industry brewing industry, distillery and
pharmaceutical industries.
a. Dairy industry
Uses of enzymes in dairy industry
 Rennin
 Catalase
 Lipase
 Lactase
b. Detergent industry
 Serine protease
 Alpha amylase
 Cellulase
 Alkaline protease
 Amylase

14. c.Starch industry
d. Brewing industry
Protease
Bacterial Fungal glucoamylase
Cellulase
Papain
Fungal glucoamylase
e.Pharmaceutical industry