Animal derived drugs used to treat serious illness, drugs from animal, drugs obtained from animals, crude drugs , animal derived drugs, animal drugs,

1. Substances
derived from
animals
Seshan .S
II MSc. Microbiology,
Dept. Microbial biotechnology,
Bharathiar University.
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2. Contents
 Introduction
 Bee Honey
 Propolis
 Bee venom
 Leech
 Premarin
 Hormones
 Enzymes
 Antivenom
 References
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3. Introduction
 Certain animal parts or products are used as drug in
therapeutics.
 The major group of animal products
• Hormones
• Enzymes
• Animal extractives
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4. Bee (Apis mellifera) - Honey
 Honey contains enzymes, i.e. biologically active substances from
the bees’ saliva and stomach fluid, as well as short Proteins or
Oligopeptides
 Pure honey has little amount of minerals, Spore elements and
vitamins.
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5. Uses
 Healing effect – throat, skin, GI, Body.
 Glucose-oxydase, enzyme that produce H2O2 diluted, Act as
disinfecting agent.
 Relieve symptoms of asthma, hangovers, diabetic comas
 Improve physical performance, cough syrup, food and
pharmaceutical industries.
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6. Propolis
 Propolis is made by bees out of tree gums, glues, waxes and
resins.
 Mix them with own saliva, own wax produce propolis.
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7. Uses
 Flavonoids- Flavanol, ferulic Acid, Resins, Aromatic oils ad
carotenoids.
 Phenol Carboxylic acid, Microelements.
Medicines
 Proposol (Aerosol)
 Proposeum( oinment)
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8. Bee venom
 Slightly yellowish liquid
 Enzymes – Phospholipase, Hyaluronidase,
Phosphomonoesterase.
 Proteins and peptides: Melittin, Apamine, Mast Cell
Degranulating Peptide, Secapin, Adolpin, Tertiapin
 Amines – Histamine Dopamine, Noradrenaline.
 Volatile compounds.
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9. uses
 Apisartron, Forasin – Oinment
 Apiphor- tablet
 Venatolin, Virapin – injection
 Polyarthritic , Myositis, Radiculitis, Peripheral Vascular Disease,
neurological symptoms, migraine
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10. Leech
 Leech’s salivary glands- polypeptides
 Hirudin – inactivates thrombin
 Bdellin – inhibitor of trypsin, chymotrysin and plasmin
 Eglin – inhibits chymotrypsin and cathepsin G
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11. Uses
 Piyavit – antiinflammatory, thrombolytic effect
 Cardio vascular system, Hemorrhoids
 Skin diseases, chronic eczema
 Neurological disease, migraines, atherosclerosis,
 Eye disease, gynecological diseases.
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12. Premarin
 Pregnant mares urine
 Used to treat menopausal effects in young women, hot
flashes, vaginal changes, to prevent osteoporosis.
 Premarin used to replace the oestrogen in women with
ovarian failure and other conditions that lack oestrogen in
body.
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13. Insulin
 Insulin - β cells , islets of langerhans
 Glucose level
 Sheep, cow, horse, etc.,
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14. Heparin
 Heparin – coagulant
 Produced from liver cells of the livestock
 Cow, sheep, dogs, pigs, etc.,
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15. Pancreatin
 Pancreatin is a preparation,
which contains enzymes of
the pancreas. It is prepared
commercially from pig
pancreas. It is used in the
treatment of pancreatitis
condition resulting from a
deficient production of these
enzymes by the body.
Trypsin
 Trypsin is a proteolytic
enzyme prepared
commercially from an extract
of ox pancreas. It is used by
topical application for the
treatment of wounds, ulcers,
abscesses, and fistulas. It is
also used for the same
purposes inflammatory
agent.
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16. Chymotrypsin
 Chrymotrypsin is also
proteolytic enzyme produced
by the pancreas in the form
of inactive
chrymotiypsinogen. The
enzyme is obtained
commercially from the
pancreas of ox. It is used for
the same purposes as
trypsin.
Fibrinolysin
 Fibrinolysin is prepared from
pro-fibrinogen, which is
isolated from human plasma.
It is activated to Fibrinolysin
by streptokinase. It is
employed in the treatment of
venous thrombosis and
pulmonary embolism, but it
is of questionable value.
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17. Pepsin
 Pepsin is the main proteolytic
enzyme of the gastric juice. It
is produced commercially
from grendular layer of fresh
pig stomach. Pepsin is useful
in the treatment of achylia
gastric, a condition in which
the stomach fails to produce
both acid and pepsin. This
condition is observed most
often in patients suffering
from pernicious anaemia or
gastric carcinoma.
Hyaluranidase
 Hyaluronidase is
representative of a group of
enzymes, which have the
common ability to cleave the
glycosidic bonds hyalurinic
acid, a mucopolysaccharide.
Hyaluronidase is produced by
some microorganisms, and is
found in the heads of leaches,
in snake venom and in
mammalian testes.
 Commercially it is produced
from animal source. Its chief
use is in facilitating the
administration of fluids by
hypoderoclysis.
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18. Captopril
 Captopril, a potent angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, was
derived from a peptide in the venom of the Brazilian pit viper (Bothrops
jararaca)
 Captopril and its cousins are widely used today as first-line anti-
hypertensive drugs and for their protective properties in congestive heart
failure, post-myocardial infarction, and prevention of diabetic nephropathy
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19. Eptifibatide
 Eptifibatide (Integrilin), a cyclic peptide derived from the venom
of the southeastern pygmy rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius
barbouri), is an inhibitor of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/ IIIa
receptor, the binding site for fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor,
and other ligands.
 Inhibition of binding at this final common receptor reversibly
blocks platelet aggregation and prevents thrombosis.
 Eptifibatide is used in acute coronary syndromes, usually at the
time of percutaneous coronary intervention in combination
with aspirin and heparin.
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20. Exenatide
 Gila monsters (Heloderma suspectum ssp.) now play a role in
treating one of the most common diseases in the world : diabetes
mellitus
 Derived from the saliva of this large venomous lizard, exenatide
(Byetta) belongs to a relatively new class of antidiabetic drugs
termed glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists.
 In addition, by slowing gastric emptying, exenatide may promote
satiety and weight loss.
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21. Cytarabine
 Cytarabine (the name is derived from the
compound name cytosine arabinoside) is a
pyrimidine analog that functions as an
antimetabolite chemotherapy agent.
 Originally discovered in the Caribbean sponge
(Cryptotheca crypta) in 1960, it was approved by
the Food and Drug Administration in 1969.
 It is administered as an intravenous infusion and is
used for treatment of numerous leukemias (AML,
acute promyelocytic leukemia, ALL, CML, and CLL),
as well as primary CNS lymphoma, and Hodgkin
and non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
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22. Chlorotoxin
 TM-601, a chlorotoxin derived from the venom of the
deathstalker scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus), is currently in
Phase II studies for treating high-grade gliomas. Exerting its
effects through chloride channels, it appears that the drug has
high selectivity for the cancerous cells and does not adversely
affect normal neurons or glial cells.
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23. Trabectedin
 Trabectedin (Yondelis), derived from the sea squirt
Ecteinascidia turbinata, is being studied for the treatment of
many different malignancies, including soft-tissue tumors such
as liposarcomas. It has been approved for use in ovarian and
pancreatic cancers, and sarcomas.
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24. Aplidine
 Aplidine, another drug derived from the sea squirts (Aplidium
albicans), is also being studied for treatment of multiple types
of solid cancers, particularly medullary thyroid carcinoma.
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25. Crotamine
 Crotamine is another promising agent, derived from
the venom of the South American rattlesnake
(Crotalus durissus terrificus).
 A low molecular weight peptide with cell penetrating
and antimicrobial properties, it has selective action
toward some cell types at a given phase of the cell
cycle.
 Importantly, because it can rapidly translocate into
actively proliferating cells, crotamine is being
investigated for detecting malignant cells with high
turnover and for use as a chemotherapeutic adjuvant
or drug carrier.
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26. Tebanicline
 Tebanicline (ABT-594), derived from the skin of a South
American poison dart frog (Epipedobates tricolor), is being
studied for its analgesic properties.
 It is a less toxic derivative of epibatidine, which is 200 times
stronger than morphine, and exerts a novel mechanism of
action: partial agonism of neural nicotinic acetylcholine
receptors.
 In initial studies, the drug showed promising analgesic activity,
including for neuropathic pain, without the potential addictive
properties of narcotics.
 Unfortunately, Phase II clinical trials demonstrated
unacceptable GI side effects, but further research is ongoing to
find better derivatives.
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27. Antivenom
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28. Reference
 Bozoglanian, V. and Butteri, M., 2015. The diverse and promising
world of animal derived medications. Pharos Alpha Omega
Alpha Honor Med Soc, pp.16-22.
 http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/biotechnology/animals/ani
mals-used-as-source-of-drugs-in-therapeutics/49363
 https://www.who.int/snakebites/antivenoms/en
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