Role of Enzymes in health industry

1. HEALTH
INDUSTRY
ROLE OF ENZYME IN HEALTH
INDUSTRY

2. ENZYMES are protein-based substances found in every cell of every living plant
and animal, including the human body. Without enzymes, life would cease to
exist. All life processes, such as digestion and breathing are regulated in part by
a complex series of chemical reactions we refer to as metabolism.

3. DEFICIENT DIET
Today's diet can be deficient in enzymes. Instead, the popular diet consists of hamburgers, french
fries, sugar loaded soft drinks, coffee and other fast foods. Moreover, most of our foods are fried,
microwaved, baked, canned, frozen, dried or irradiated, all processes that deplete valuable
enzymes. With our food potentiators destroyed, vital nutrients are not available to fuel the body.
This puts the body's digestive system under stress, which can manifest itself in fatigue,
headaches, excess weight, heartburn, bloating, constipation, gas, allergies and other digestive
disorders.

4. SIGNS OF ENZYME DEFICIENCY
DISTURBED DIGESTION
WEIGHT PROBLEMS
FATIGUE
GAS
STOMACH UPSET
CONSTIPATION
LOW ENERGY
INDIGESTION
HEADACHES

5. PROPER PROCESS
The role of digestive enzymes is to break down the foods that we eat into smaller
compounds that can be readily absorbed and put into the bloodstream. The
enzyme class of proteases breaks down proteins into amino acids. The enzyme
class of lipase is responsible for breaking down fats to fatty acids, and the
carbohydrases break down carbohydrates into simple sugars. The body will then
be able to reassemble these components into specific forms it needs. If this
process does not function properly, the body will lack the building blocks needed
for growth and health maintenance. Another consequence is that the food not
absorbed will trail down to the bowels and provide nutrient rich materials that
foster the growth of unhealthy bacteria and yeast.

6. ENZYMES TO THE RESCUE
Enzymes are used to treat disorders.
Enzymes are used to assist metabolism
Enzymes are used to assist in drug delivery.
Enzymes to detect disorders.
Enzymes are used in manufacture of medicines.

7. AMYLASES
• BACTERIAL ALPHA AMYLASE: STARZYME SUPER CONCENTRATE (BACTERIAL
ALPHA-AMYLASE) IS AN ENDO-AMYLASE CAPABLE OF RANDOMLY
HYDROLYSING THE INTERIOR ALPHA 1-4 GLUCOSIDIC LINKAGES IN STARCH.
• BETA–GLUCANASE: AN ENDO-GLUCANASE CAPABLE OF RAPIDLY HYDROLYSING
THE INTERIOR LINKAGES OF BETA-GLUCANS. PROLONGED HYDROLYSIS GIVE
OLIGOSACCHARIDES WITH THREE TO FOUR GLUCOSE UNITS.
• GLUCOAMYLASE: AMG 300L (GLUCOAMYLASE) IS AN EXO-GLUCOSIDASE
WHICH CATALYSES THE HYDROLYSIS OF BOTH THE A-D-1,4 GLUCOSIDIC
LINKAGES AND A-D-1,6 GLUCOSIDIC BRANCH POINTS IN STARCH. IT LIBERATES
GLUCOSE UNITS FROM THE NON-REDUCING ENDS OF STARCH CHAINS AND
DEXTRINS.

8. HEMICELLULASE AND CELLULASE
FUNGAL HEMICELLULASE AND CELLULASE ENZYME SYSTEM CONTAINS MANY
UNIQUE SIDE ACTIVITIES, WHICH HELP IN RAPID HYDROLYSIS OF CELLULOSE,
HEMICELLULOSE AND BETA-GLUCAN POLYMERS IN FOOD. THE GUMMY
SUBSTANCES TAKE UP A LOT OF WATER AND SWELL UP TO ABOUT TEN TIMES,
THUS HINDERING THE ACTIN OF ENZYMES ON OTHER BIOMOLECULES
LIPASE
FUNGAL LIPASE: FUNGAL LIPASE HAS THE ABILITY TO HYDROLYSE TRIGLYCERIDES
AND IS AN EXCELLENT DIGESTIVE AID AND GOES WELL IN COMBINATION WITH
AMYLASES AND PROTEASES. BEING ENTIRELY FROM VEGETABLE ORIGIN, IT CAN
BE USED SAFELY IN ALL FORMULATIONS. PANCREATIC LIPASE:PANCREATIC LIPASE
USP HYDROLYSES TRIGLYCERIDES TO GLYCERAL AND FATTY ACIDS.

9. LACTASE
FUNGAL LACTASE: LACTOSE INTOLERANCE IS A VERY COMMON DISORDER IN
INFANTS AND OLDER PERSONS. LACTAZYME (LACTASE) HELPS IN DIGESTION OF
LACTOSE. LACTAZYME IS A PURIFIED ENZYME PREPARATION ISOLATED FROM
SELECTED STRAIN OF ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE BY FERMENTATION PROCESS.
LACTAZYME HYDROLYZES LACTOSE T PRODUCE BETA-D-GALACTOSE & ALPHA-D-
GALACTOSE. LACTAZYME IS AVAILABLE IN FAO/WHO FCC (III) SPECIFICATIONS
PROTEASES
ACID FUNGAL PROTEASE: ACID FUNGAL PROTEASE ENZYMES HYDROLYSE PROTEINS
IN ACIDIC PH. THIS CAN BE SAFELY USED IN COMBINATION WITH AMYLASES IN
LIQUID ORAL FORMULATALKALINE PROTEASE: BACTERIAL ALKALINE PROTEASE IS
CAPABLE OF HYDROLYSING INTERIOR PEPTIDE BONDS IN PROTEIN MOLECULE IN A
WIDE PH RANGE FROM NEAR NEUTRAL TO HIGHLY ALKALINE.IONS AND TABLETS.

10. TRYPSIN CHYMOTRYPSIN MIX: TRYPSIN AND CHYMOTRYPSIN OCCUR IN NATURE IN
COMBINATION. IT IS ISOLATED FROM PANCREAS AND HAS BEEN USED LOCALLY
LIKE STREPTOKINASE-STREPTODOMASE. THEY ACT ON MORE PROTEINS THAN THE
LATTER AND ALSO ON MUCUS. GIVEN ORALLY BOTH ENZYMES ARE USEFUL FOR
ALLAYING INFLAMMATION, HAEMOTOMAS AND BRUISING. TRYPSIN: TRYPSIN IS
ONE OF THE MOST WELL KNOWN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ENZYMES. THERAPEUTIC
APPLICATION IS AS A DEBRIDING AGENT FOR CLEANING OF NECROTIC WOUNDS,
ULCERS, EMPYMAS, AND FISTULAS. TRYPSIN ENZYME CAN BE EMPLOYED IN
OINTMENT OR AS A WET OR DRY DRESSING. IN SOLUTION TRYPSIN MAY BE USED
AS AEROSOL TO LIQUEFY TENACIOUS SPUTUM IN BROCHIAL DISORDER.

11. MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF ENZYMES
• ASPARAGINASE :
is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of asparagine to
aspartic acid. asparaginases are enzymes expressed and produced by
microorganisms
 MEDICAL: asparaginase is marketed as a drug under the brand name elspar
for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all)[3] and is also used in
some mast cell tumor protocols
L-ASPARAGINE H2O L-ASPARTATE + NH3

12. • COLLAGENASE:
collagenases are enzymes that break the peptide bonds in
collagen. they assist in destroying extracellular structures in the pathogenesis of
bacteria such as clostridium. they are a considered a virulence factor, facilitating the
spread of gas gangrene. they normally target the connective tissue in muscle cells
and other body organs
 MEDICAL:
treatment of dupuytren's contracture (xiaflex).
wound healing(santyl)
PEYRONIE'S DISEASE:
collagenase remains an investigational drug for the
treatment of peyronie's disease. It has presented a documented efficiency in
reducing the size of plaques or in some cases eliminating them

13. • GLUTAMINASE:
is an amidohydrolase enzyme that generates glutamate from
glutamine. glutaminase has tissue-specific isoenzymes.
it uses as a drug in leukaemia.
• HYALURONIDASE:
are a family of enzymes that degrade hyaluronic acid.
 MEDICAL:
used in medicine in conjunction with other drugs to speed their
dispersion and delivery. common applications are ophthalmic surgery, in combination
with local anesthetics.
it also plays a vital role in cancer and pathogenesis.
it also uses in heart attack

14. • LYSOZYME:
these are enzymes (ec 3.2.1.17) that damage bacterial cell walls by
catalyzing hydrolysis.
 MEDICAL:
lysozyme is part of the innate immune system. reduced lysozyme
levels have been associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in newborns.
children fed infant formula lacking lysozyme in their diet have three times the rate
of diarrheal disease.
In certain cancers (especially myelomonocytic leukemia) excessive
production of lysozyme by cancer cells can lead to toxic levels of lysozyme in the
blood. high lysozyme blood levels can lead to kidney failure and low blood
potassium, conditions that may improve or resolve with treatment of the primary
malignancy.

15. • RIBONUCLEASE:
is a type of nuclease that catalyzes the degradation of rna into
smaller components.
 MEDICAL:
rnase l is part of the body's innate immune defense, namely the antiviral
state of the cell. when a cell is in the antiviral state, it is highly resistant to viral attacks
and is also ready to undergo apoptosis upon successful viral infection. degradation of all
rna within the cell (which usually occurs with cessation of translation activity caused by
protein kinase r) is the cell's last stand against a virus before it attempts apoptosis.

16. • STREPTOKINASE:
is an enzyme secreted by several species of streptococci that
can bind and activate human plasminogen.
 MEDICAL:
sk is used as an effective and inexpensive thrombolysis medication in
some cases of myocardial infarction (heart attack) and pulmonary embolism.
streptokinase belongs to a group of medications known as fibrinolytics, and
complexes of streptokinase with human plasminogen can hydrolytically activate
other unbound plasminogen by activating through bond cleavage to produce
plasmin.
it is on the world health organization's list of essential medicines, a list of the most
important medication needed in a basic health system.

17. • ANALYTICAL TESTS:
diabetics use strips of paper impregnated with glucose oxidase
to monitor their blood sugar.
• the presence of enzymes where they should not be present can also help to
diagnose disease. for example when the liver is diseased or damaged, enzymes leak
into the bloodstream. testing the blood for these enzymes can confirm liver
damage.
• therapeutic enzymes: enzymes are sometimes used as medicines to replace enzyme
deficiencies in patients like is the use of blood clotting factors to treat haemoplilia,
or the opposite where proteases are used to degrade fibrin; to prevent the
formation of dangerous blood clots. nuclease is a possible therapy for cystic fibrosis,
but it is not clear how commercialized and therapeutically successful this has been.

18. • proteases are used to clean wounds and therefore accelerate the healing process.
• in a semi-therapeutic way; enzymes are used to aid digestion, to supplement the
natural amylase, lipase and protease produced by the pancreas. people with
lactose intolerance lose the enzyme lactase. lactase supplements help to avoid
stomach upsets for these people.
• in contrast to the industrial use of enzymes, therapeutically useful enzymes are
required in relatively tiny amounts but at a very high degree of purity and
(generally) specificity. the favoured kinetic properties of these enzymes are low
km and high vmax in order to be maximally efficient even at very low enzyme and
substrate concentrations. thus the sources of such enzymes are chosen with care
to avoid any possibility of unwanted contamination by incompatible material and
to enable ready purification.

19. TO CONCLUDE:
enzymes are used by industry and medicine because of their
catalytic abilities, which ensure that throughout any reaction they remain unchanged.
enzymes are useful because they can be used in minimal quantities and keep costs
down. in medicine, they are useful because they are specific, and so avoid side effects
when used on a patient. use of enzymes in industry and medicine is highly ethical,
socially desirable and beneficial, economically efficient and represents an advance in
modern technological processes.