Management as Science and Art

2. INTRODUCTION TO
MANAGEMENT
 MANAGEMENT AS AN ART
 MANAGEMENT AS A SCIENCE
 COMPARISON
 CONCLUSION

3. Management is the process of planning and
organising the resources and activities of a
business to achieve specific goals in the
most effective and efficient manner
possible.
Efficiency in management refers to the
completion of tasks correctly and at minimal
costs. Effectiveness in management relates
to the completion of tasks within specific
timelines to yield tangible results.

4. According to Mary Parker Follett ,
Harold Koontz and several others
management authors called management
”An Art of getting things done through
people.”

5. Art assumes the presence of specific academic knowledge.
Specialists in their particular fields have obtained specific
elementary postulates which are appropriate to a specific sort
of art.
For instance, the literature on public speaking, acting or music,
dancing is publicly acknowledged.

6. The application of this primary information differs
from person to person. Art, hence, is a highly
personalised notion.

7. Art is practical. Art includes the creative practice of
subsisting intellectual knowledge.
 We know that music is based on 7 notes. However, what
makes the style of a musician different or distinctive is his
performance of these notes in an artistic way that is uniquely
his own solution.

8. Science is a Systematic body of knowledge
which is universally accepted.
F.W Taylor father of scientific
management was perhaps the first person
to consider management as a science.

9. Science can be broadly divided into two
groups:
Physical Sciences
 Social Sciences
 Management is a social science because it
deals
with human beings.

10. Scientific principles are based on a cause and
effect relationship.
By and large, science is a systematic body of
language. For example, gravity explains the
phenomenon of an apple falling from a tree.

11. Scientific conclusions are not a result of
hearsay or raw observations.
Rather the results are based on careful
observation which is proved by experiments
performed under controlled conditions.

12. Scientific concepts and laws are
applicable universally. There may be
exceptions to the rule, but these are
universal validity.

13. AS AN ART
 The presence of
theoretical knowledge
 Personalised application
 Based on custom and
creativity
AS A SCIENCE
 Systematized Body of
Knowledge
 Principles Based on
Experimentation
 Universal Application

14.  we conclude that management is an art
and science both. According to
American Society of Mechanical
Engineers. “Management is the art and
science of preparing, organizing and
directing human efforts to control the
forces and utilize the material of
nature for the benefit of men.