reEM.....EM

1. Emerging and Re-
Emerging Diseases
PowerPoint Presentation by: Rachelle Anne Valenzuela

2. Emerging Diseases
Are diseases that have newly
appeared in the population or may
have existed before but is rapidly
increasing in incidence and
geographic range

3. EXAMPLES
OF
EMERGIN
G
DISEASES

4. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
(SARS)
- A contagiousand sometimes fatalrespiratory illness caused by
SARS-CoV (SARS-associated coronavirus)
Signs and
Symptoms
PREVENTION TREATMENT
Flu like symptoms such
as fever, chills,
headache, muscle aches,
poor appetite, dry cough,
and shortness of breath
after a week.
Practice good
hygiene. Wear
protective gloves
and masks. Disinfect
surfaces.
No treatment yet.
Hospitalization is
required in severe
cases.

5. Meningococcemia
- A life-threatening infection of the bloodstream caused by the bacteria
Neisseria meningitides..
- Infection can spread through cough and cold droplets in the air.
Signs and
Symptoms
PREVENTION TREATMENT
Fever, aches, rash,
nausea
Complications include
shock, multiple organ
failure, lack of
circulation to the
extremities, and death
Reduce risk by avoiding
people who are
coughing, sneezing or
showing other signs of
the disease.
Should be treated
and admitted in
the hospital.

6. Foot and mouth disease
- A mild, contagious infection common among young children caused
by enteroviruses
- Causes sores in or on the mouth, and on the hands and feet.
Signs and
Symptoms
PREVENTION TREATMENT
Fever, reduced
appetite, sore throat,
sore of blisters in or
on the mouth and on
the hands and feet.
-Wash hands
regularly
-Disinfect common
areas.
-Isolate contagious
Individuals.
-No specific
Treatment.
-Only the
symptoms may
be treated.

7. Re-Emerging Diseases
Are diseasesthat had decreasedin
incidenceand brought under control
but surfacing againdueto changesin
healthconditionsof population.These
diseasesthreatenall countries.

8. EXAMPLES
OF
EMERGIN
G
DISEASES

9. Leptospirosis
- A bacterialdiseaseaffectingbothhumans andanimals
causedby bacteria, Leptospira,interrogans
Signs and
Symptoms
PREVENTION TREATMENT
Headache, high fever,
muscle pain, chills,
abdominal pain and
diarrhea, yellow skin
and eyes, rash,
conjunctivitis.
Avoid eye contact with
water and soil
contaminated by infected
animals like rats.
Practice good hygiene.
Treated with
antibiotics.

10. Avian Influenza
-Also known as bird flu, it is caused by viruses infecting
birds, the H5N1 strainvirus.
Signs and
Symptoms
PREVENTION TREATMENT
Cough, high fever,
aching bones and
muscle, chest pain,
fatigue, cold sweat, loss
of appetite, runny nose,
bleeding from the gums,
bloody sputum.
Avoid going near a
dead or sick bird.
Practice Hand
washing regularly.
Can be treated
with antiviral
medications

11. A (H1N1) Influenza
- A highly contagious flucased by the H1N1 virus
- Also called the swine flu, because it is thoughtto originate
from pigs.
Signs and
Symptoms
PREVENTION TREATMENT
Sudden fever, tiredness,
sore throat, runny nose,
cough, headache, muscle
and joint pain, acute
abdominal pain, and
vomiting.
Wash hands frequently.
Avoid contact with
infected people.
Cover mouth and nose
when coughing and
sneezing.
Disinfect surfaces.
Rest.
Drink lots of fluids.
Treat symptoms
with medications.

12. Chikungunya
-A viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes (Aedes
species)
Signs and
Symptoms
PREVENTION TREATMENT
Symptoms show three to
seven days after being
bitten by the infected
mosquito These includes
fever, sever joint paints in
hands and feet. Rash,
nausea and fatigue.
Use protective clothing
and insect repellants
during outbreak season.
Clean areas frequently
inhibited by mosquitoes.
Should be
treated and
admitted in the
hospital