This document discusses emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. It provides examples of diseases that emerged in recent decades such as Ebola, HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis C, Nipah virus, SARS, H1N1 flu, Chikungunya and Zika. Examples of diseases that have re-emerged after being controlled include dengue, malaria, meningitis, cholera and polio. For several of these diseases, brief descriptions of the causative agents and transmission methods are provided.

1. Emerging and Re-emerging
Infectious Diseases
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Presented By-
MD.Atikur Rahman

2.  Outline
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 Introduction
 Emerging & Re-emerging Disease
 Disease (Basic)

3. Emerging & Re-emerging disease
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 Emerging- Newly identified & previously
unknown infectious agent that cause public
health problems either locally or
internationally.
 Re-emerging- Disease that once were major
health problems globally in a particular
country and then declined dramatically but
are again becoming health problems for a
significant proportions of the population.

4. Factors Contributing To Emergence
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 Agent
 Host
 Environment

5. How Disease Spread
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6. Emerging Infectious Diseases
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9. Emerging Infectious Diseases
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Disease Year recognized
Ebola virus 1976
HIV/AIDS 1983
Hepatitis C 1989
Nipah Virus 1999
SARS 2003
H1N1 Flu 2009
Chikungunya 2013
Zika 2015

10. Re-emerging Infectious Diseases
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Disease
Dengue
Malaria
Meningitis
Cholera
Polio
Yellow fever
TB

11. Chikungunya
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 Prior to 2013, chikungunya virus cases and
outbreaks had been identified in countries in Africa,
Asia, Europe, and the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
 Chikungunya is an infection caused by the
chikungunya virus (CHIKV).
 Symptoms
 Headache, fever, joint pain & swelling,

12. Zika Virus
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 Zika is spread mostly by the bite of an infected
Aedes species mosquito (Ae. aegypti and Ae.
albopictus). These mosquitoes bite during the day
and night.
 Zika can be passed from a pregnant woman to her
fetus. Infection during pregnancy can cause certain
birth defects.
 Prevent Zika by avoiding mosquito bites.

13. Zika Virus
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 Zika primarily spreads through infected mosquito
bites. But You can also get Zika through sex.
 Zika is linked to birth defects(Microcephaly).
incomplete brain development

14. Ebola Virus
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 Ebola is a rare and deadly disease that was first
discovered 1976 near the Ebola River located mainly in
sub-Saharan Africa.
 Spread through direct contact most commonly affecting
people, Infected fruit bats and nonhuman primates
(monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees).
 Transmission through Blood or body fluids, Objects
(such as needles and syringes)

15. HIV/AIDS
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 HIV is a virus spread through certain body fluids that
attacks the body’s immune system specifically the CD4
cells, often called T cells.

16. Hepatitis-C
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 Hepatitis C is a liver infection caused by the Hepatitis C
virus (HCV).

17.  Hepatitis C is a major cause of liver cancer.
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18. Nipah Virus (NiV)
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 Nipah virus is a zoonotic virus (transmitted from
animals to humans) with infected bats, infected pigs
or from other NiV infected people.
 It can also be transmitted through contaminated food
or directly between people.
 Infection with Nipah virus is associated with
encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)

19. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
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 (SARS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a
corona virus
 SARS was first reported in Asia in February 2003.

20. Dengue Fever
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 Dengue viruses are spread to people through the
bite of an infected Aedes species (Ae. aegypti)
mosquito.

21. Malaria
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 Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites &
spread to people through the bites of infected female
Anopheles mosquitoes.

22. Tuberculosis (TB)
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 Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by
a bacterium called
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
 Bacteria usually attack the
lungs, but bacteria can attack
any part of the body such as the
kidney, spine, and brain.

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