automation in drip irrigation

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PREMKUMARA
ELB4032
IV YEAR B.TECH

3. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Types
• Components
• Fertigation
• Automation
• Merits and demerits
• Systems of automation
• Components of automation
• Conclusion
• Case study 3

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5. • Drip Irrigation
• Spray Irrigation/sprinkler irrigation
• bubbler irrigation
• laser irrigation
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6. 1) Online system 2) Inline system
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7. Components of drip irrigation system
• Water source
• Pump
• Hydro cyclone filter
• Sand filter
• Screen filter
• Disc filter
• Venture/Fertilizer tank
• Valve
• Mainline
• Sub-main line
• Laterals /Drip tape
• Drippers
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9.  Water source:
The source of water can be well, tube
well, canal, river, reservoir etc..
 Pump:
The water from the source to be supplied
under appropriate pressure and discharge
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10. • Hydrocyclone filter:-
• Effective in filtering sand
and fine gravels.
• By using centrifugal force it
throws heavy suspended
particals against the walls.
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These contains groved rings.
These are vary effective in the filtration of algae
and organic matter

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These filters are installed for final filtration.

14.  :
Maintaining the normal operating pressure
in the system is essential to ensure the
uniformity of irrigation. Pressure are fixed at
the filtered unit of drip system to indicate this
pressure.
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15. Laterals Main line valves:
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16. It is a process of application of 100% water soluble
fertilizer to plant rootzone through drip irrigation.
Advantages :
Ensure the regular flow of both water and
nutrients ,resulting in increased growth rates
and high yield.
Saving of fertilizer(30-50%).
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AUTOMATION

19. • Automation of drip irrigation system refers
to operation of the system with no or
minimum manual interventions.
• Irrigation automation is well justified where
a large area to be irrigated is divided into
small segments called irrigation blocks
and segments are irrigated in sequence to
match the flow or water available from the
water source.
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20.  It eliminates the manual opening and closing of
valves.
 It starts and stops pump exactly as and when
required thus optimizing the energy requirement.
 Irrigation system can be started at any desired
time. One need not worry to visit farm during odd
time (night).
 Possibility to change frequency of irrigation and
fertilizer application as per the crop need.
 Use of water from different sources and
increased water and fertilizer use efficiency.
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21.  Reduced labour
 Improved life style :relax with the family and
sleep during night.
 More timely irrigation.
 More accurate cut-off:system allows cut-off of
water at the appropriate point in the day.
Reduced runoff of water and nutrients.
Reduced costs for vehicles used for
irrigation
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22. • Cost:There are costs in purchasing, installing
and maintaining automatic equipment.
• Reliability:Often these failures are because of
human error
• Increased channel maintenance:Channels
should be fenced to protect the automatic units
from stock damage.
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23.  Sensor Controlled system
 Time based system
 Volume based system
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24. • Automation in micro-irrigation system is typically
achieved by a centralized decision making control device
supported with a set of hardware (control valves, relays
etc.) to carry out irrigation commands and sensors to
input environmental measurements for making irrigation
decision.
 The irrigation controller is an electronic device to store
and execute irrigation scheduling program based on:
 soil/plant water content,
 criteria of when and how much water to
supply.
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Communication lines from sensor
Communication
lines from sensor
Communication lines
to solenoid valve

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28. 1) Controller
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 The controller is heart of the
automation
 The PLC (Programmable Logic
Controllers) is commonly used.
 These systems can be
programmed command for
operation of solenoid valves,
pumps, booster, fertilizer
injectors, backwashing of
filters etc.

29. • Control valves are activated electrically (solenoid valve),
hydraulically or pneumatically and used to switch on or off
water supply.
• These valves are fitted in place of manual gate valve in
an automatic system.
• As soon as the signal is received from the controller the
solenoid gets activated and valve is turned on which
allows passing of water through it. After the signal is
stopped the valve shuts off.
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30. • 3)Metering pumps: These pumps are suitable
for feeding of known quantity of
fertilizers/chemicals.
• 4)Flow transducers:These can be used for
measuring flow rate and totalizing the flow.
• 5)Solenoid coil: Solenoid coil is used to translate
electric pulses into hydraulic pulses which
enable opening and closing of specific hydraulic
valve.
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31. 5) Soil-plant water monitoring sensors
• Sensor is an element that senses a variation in
input energy to produce a variation in another or
same form of energy.
• Different types of devices used to monitor soil-
plant water status
 Tensiometer
 Resistance block (electrical resistance b/w electrodes)
 Gypsum block (easy to use and economical)
 Granular matrix sensor
 TDR based soil moisture sensor
 Infrared sensors for leaf air temperature
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32. • The tensiometer is a device, which provides direct
measurement of tendency with which water is held by
the soil.
• It consists of electro tensiometer, an electronic switching
unit and a solenoid valve.
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33.  The amount of water can be applied in the field
segments by using automatic volume controlled metering
valves.
 The volume-based controller accepts the pulse input
from the valve and counts the volume per pulse.
 The volume of water required for each segment can be
programmed in the controller.
 Thus by counting the number of pulse received by the
controller, it can count the volume of water passed
through.
 After providing required volume of water the valves
closes down by controller.
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34. • These valves are used in volume based
irrigation system. The volume of water required
for the irrigation can be adjusted in these
automatic metering valves. It shuts itself off after
a preset quantity of water has flown through.
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35.  The first thing to perform before programming for time-
based system is to determine the duration of irrigation
required for each section.
 The duration of individual valves has to be fed in the
controller along with system start time,
 The controller clock is to be set with the current day and
time. As the clock of the controller knocks the start time
of programme, it starts sending signals to the first
automatic valve in the programme sequence,
 The pump also starts up at the same time. As soon as
duration of first valve is over the controller either stops or
switches on to next valve.
 When the operation of last valve is over, controller stops
sending signals to valves and pump.
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36. CONCLUSION
• An automated drip irrigation system
making efficient use of microcontroller and
available resources is proposed.
• In future, other important soil features
namely soil pH, soil electrical conductivity;
temperature will also be incorporated in
the system.
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37. Topic : Automatic Drip Irrigation Using Wireless
Sensor Network for maize
Author : Amrita Janardhanan & Ajeya Bolar
 Year : 2015
 Objectives : Drip irrigation saves water up to 30% to
70% for various crops
 Saving of water ,saves electricity which is used for
pumping ground water.
 Drip irrigation also improves the yield of the 30% to 200%
for various crops.
 This assures good technology transfer and knowledge tool
in the hands of illiterate farmers.
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38. • They propose a microcontroller based system for
automatic drip irrigation.
• They make use of the various sensors like soil moisture
sensor, water flow meter to keep a check on the amount
of water used.
• By this project they can control the moisture content of
the soil in the cultivating field.
• The water flow will be monitored and based on the data
available, analysis and prediction will be done,
this will help the user to use water wisely in future.
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39. Block diagram
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40. Result for maize crop
Date with automation without automation
march 2015 Dia (cm) Height
(cm)
Height(c
m)
dia (cm)
7 1.75 34 17 1.37
8 1.76 34.2 17 1.37
9 1.76 34.2 17 1.37
10 1.77 34.5 17.1 1.38
11 1.78 34.5 17.1 1.38
12 1.78 34.5 17.1 1.38
13 1.79 34.6 17.2 1.38
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41. • The Sensor based automatic drip irrigation
system using time based, volume based
and priority based technique proves to be
a real time feedback control system which
monitors and controls all the activities of
drip irrigation system efficiently.
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