NO MICROCONTROLLER is used in making of these autonomous robot, we have just used only the operational amplifier as a controller and achieved the bot.we have made 2 bots Line follower and light follower with simulations in proteus and hardware implementation of these bots. Also made a wireless light controlled bot using the same concepts.Hope this presentation will be much helpful for your mini projects. Do leave some comments. Thank u.
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Autonomous bot using OP-AMP(lm741)
1. Autonomous bot
Done by,
C. Balaji 15E105
S. Deepak Arumugam 15E108
J. Karthickraja 15E117
S. Praveenkumar 15E137
Deepan 16E403
Y. Elangovan 16E501
2. Aim of this project:
• Any one who aims for a career in robotics would start
learning robotics with simple bots like Line follower,
Obstacle detector, Object follower, Light follower and there
are many other similar basic bots .
• Generally microcontrollers form the brain of these bots
which makes the construction of these bots easier but a bit
costlier.
• Our aim was to find an alternative and cheap way to
construct these bots.
3.
4. Line follower
• A line follower generally designed such that it follows a black
path drawn on a white board.
• These bots generally makes use of a pair of IR sensors each of
which are placed on either side of the bot.
• When IR radiation falls on a black surface it absorbs all the
radiation when it falls on a white surface it reflects back the
radiation which is sensed by the sensor
IR LED
IR
sensor
IR LED
IR
sensor
6. Obstacle detector
• An obstacle detector’s idea is to detect an object in its path
• An obstacle detector uses ultrasonic sensors to do this.
• An ultrasonic sensor sends out pulse of 40kHz frequency.
• This pulse gets reflected when it hits an object, the sensor
senses the reflected pulse.
• Based on the time between the transmission and reception,
the distance between the object and the bot is determined.
7. Light Follower
• In light follower, the bot has to a light beam.
• The bot uses a light dependant resistor for this purpose.
• When light rays fall on the LDR, the resistance becomes close
to zero.
• When no light falls on the LDR, the resistance becomes the
rated value.
8. Pro’s and con’s
Pro’s
• Simple design
• Low cost
• No coding knowledge is
required.
Con’s
• Limited only to simpler
paths ( e.g., the bot cannot
pass through loops).
9.
10. LM 324
• Low power Quad Op-Amp
• Internally frequency compensated.
• Bandwidth of 1MHz.
• Uses single as well as dual power supply.
• Low offset voltage, offset current, low input bias current.
17. Wireless light controlled bot using opamp
• The same circuit of light folower can be done in an wireless
manner if we use RF transmitter &receiver module along
with a decoder and encoder
• The components used are
• OP-amp ic (lm741)
• Transmitter (tws 434) and encoder (HT12E)
• Receiver (Rws 434) and decoder (HT12D)
• Motor driver(L293D)
• Geared dc motors
23. TRANSMITTER configuration
• In transmitter circuit the encoder pins D1 and D3 are
connected to output of opamp 1 and 2 respectively.
• And D2 and D4 are grounded
• This configuration restricts the operation of bot in reverse
direction.
• Serial data pin is connected to the transmitter pin
• Remaining connections are as per the diagram
25. Receiver configuration
• In receiver circuit the decoder pins two pins D1 and D2 are
connected to motor driver inputs IN1 and IN2 respectively.
• And D3 and D4 are connected to driver ic pins IN3 IN4
respectively.
• The motors are connected to the output of the ic’s.
• So finally the wireless control of your bot using op amps is
successfully done.
