Different Breeding methods of grape

2. PRESENTATION ON
GRAPES

3. INTRODUCTION
1 . Taxonomic classification of grapes
2 . General information of grapes
3 . Uses
4 . Floral biology
5 . Breeding objectives
6 . Breeding methods
7 . Difficulties in grape breeding

4. TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF GRAPESS
Kingdome – Plantae
Sub Kingdome – Tracheobionta
Division – Magnoliophyta
Class - Magnoliopsida
Sub Class - Rosidae
Order – Vitales
Family – Vitaceae
Genus - Vitis
Subgenus – Euvitis (38) & Muscadinia (40)
Species – Vitifera

5. GENERAL INFORMATION
 Inflorescence – Panicle
 Fruit – Berry
 Edible portion – Pericarp & Placenta
 Cultivation - Viticulture
 Study of Wine – Viriculture
 Science of wine making – Enology
 Introduced by – Christian missionaries in 1832 from France
 Grape aroma & flavour – Methyl anthranilate
 Resveratrol – Anti oxidant ( red wine )
 Predominant sugar – Fructose
 Red colour of grape - Anthocyanins
 Flowers – Laterally on axial of leaves on current season growth
 Origin - Black to Caspian sea
 Growth curve - Double sigmoid growth curve
 Maharashtra - Max area and production

6. USES
Raisin making :
Fruits with high sugar content
are used for raisin making .

7. WINE MAKING :
1. France
2. Italy
3. Spain are leading
producers

8. SYRUP making : grapes
has medicinal properties .

9. Grape jam & grape vinegar

10. Red wine
Red wine consumption is
associated with lower the bad
cholesterol ( LDL ) and higher the
good cholesterol ( HDL ) .

11. As cosmetic ….
Grape seed oil contain vit – E
, an anti oxidant that helps in
promotes hair growth & skin
care .

12. Has medicinal value , used as anti –
carcinogenic , anti allergic pain reliver .
An active ingredient from grapevine
sap known as viniferine , having the
cosmetic properties .

13. Grape flower Panicle

14. FLORAL BIOLOGY
 3 TYPES OF FLOWERS : 1. FEMALE
2. MALE
3. BISEXUAL
 PERFECT FLOWERS : Pistil functional
Stamens erect & produce fertile pollen
 FEMALE FLOWERS : Pistil well developed
Stamens refluxed & may produce abundant pollen
But absence of germ spores .
 MALE FLOWERS : Stamens are erect & anthers produce
Well developed fertile pollen
Pistil is rudimentary

15.  Stamens – 2 – 7
 Majority of flowers – 5 stamens
 2 Types of stamens are their
 1 . Stamens having upright filament
 2 . Filaments are best backwords & downwards soon after the cap
fall .
 PETALS – 5 fused
 Petals are detach from the base forming a cap like structure
called CALYPTRA .
 SEPALS – 5 fused

16.  ANTHESIS : Starts at early morning beyond 5 am
 Peak at – 6 – 10 am .
 Time taken for completion of anthesis varies from half min to 1
day .
 It depends on variety & temperature .

17. FLORAL DIAGRAM
FLORAL FORMULA :
1. Calyx – (4-5) ,
2. Corolla – (4-5) ,
3. Actinomorphic flower ,
4. Bisexual flower ,
5. A –( 5) ,
6. G –(5) ,
7. Inferior ovary .

18. BREEDING OBJECTIVES
 Development of locally adaptable , high yielding cultivars with desirable
quality for intended use .
 Earliness .
 Resistant to downy mildew , anthracnose ,Powdery mildew , Mealy bug .
 Developing rootstocks resistant to salt & nematodes .
 Developing cultivars having lesser apical dominance , vigour & capacity to
bear on basal nodes so that it suits for low cost of training system .

19. BREEDING METHODS
1. Introduction & selection
2. Hybridisation
3. Clonal selection
4. Mutation breeding
5 . Polyploidy breeding

20. 1. INTRODUCTION : After 13th century , many introductions
were made & found to be promising even now in certain parts of
India .
Eg : Anab – e – shahi into middle east
Bhokri , Pandhari sahabi .
2 .SELECTION FROM OPEN POLLINATED SEEDS :
1. Cheema sahabi
2 . S – 94 at Punjab is based on this method only .

21. 3. CLONAL SELECTION
INSTITUTE CLONAL SELECTION FROM
IARI Pusa seedless Thomson seedless
Haryana
Agriculture university
HS – 37 – 6
Early maturing clone
Perlitte
NRS Grapes , Pune Manjari naveen Centennial seedless
NRS Grapes , Pune Krishmish Rozavis White Krishmish Rozavis

22.  Other examples :
 Tas – a – ganesh - elongated berries .
 Sonaka - much elongated berries than Tas – a – ganesh .
 Raosahebi – Cheemasahebi
 Dilkush – A bud spot of Anab – e – Shahi .
 4 . MUTATION BREEDING :
 Physical mutagens : x – rays , gama rays .
 Chemical mutagens : Ethyle Methyle Sulphonate , N – nitroso –
N – methyle urethase .

23. 4 . EXAMPLE FOR MUTATION BREEDING :
 New Perlette
 Red Niagara
 Robin cardinal
5 . POLYPLOIDY BREEDING : In table grapes breeding , this
technology is highly viable to get increased berry size .
Important varieties evolved are
 Marvel seedless from Delight , Early gaint from camphell .
 Muscat commonhall from Muscat Alexandria & Wallis gaint from
concord .

24. 6 . HYBRIDISATION : steps
1 . Emasculate the perfect flower
2 . Make it as female flower
3 . Bagging the male flower
4 . Cross between them
5 . Seeds - scarified at 4 dc for 75 to 90 days
6 . Juvinile period – 3-6 years (shortened by PGRs) .

25. IIHR ( BANGLOOR ) VARIETIES
Arka vati Black ×Thompson seedless Suitable for table & raisin purpose
Arka
Kanchan
Anab – e – shahi × Queen of vine
yards
Suitable for table wine purpose & late
maturing
Arka shyam Bangalore blue × Black champa Suitable to juice and wine purpose
Arka hans Anab – e – shahi × Bangalore blue Wine purpose
Arka swetha Anab – e shahi × Thompsonseedless Table& raisin purpose
Arka
neelamani
Black champa × Thompsonseedless Table purpose

26. VARIETY PARENTASE FEATURE
Arka majestic Angur Kalyan × black champa S to head system of
training
Arka soma Anab – e – shahi × queen of
vineyards
T to anthracnose ,
downy mildew ,
powdery mildew
Arka thrishna Bangalore blue × convent large
black
Good wine yield
Arka Krishna Black champa × Thompson
seedless
Juice making
Arka Chitra Angur Kalyan × anab – e -
shahi
-

27. IARI VARIETIES
 Pusa Urvashi – hur beauty seedless ×
 Pusa navrang – madaline angavine ruby red ×

28. CAULIFORNIA USA
 1 . Fantasy Seedless – 6 parents
 2 . Crimson Seedless – multiple crossing
 3 . Black Emerald - multiple crossing and both are early season
varieties .

29. OTHER INDIAN VARIETIES
 1 . Bhokri
 2 . Gulabi
 3 . Perlette
 4 .delight
 5 . Pusa seedless
 6 . Beauty seedless
 Fantasy Seedless , Red Globe , Autumn Royal are USA varieties
now gaining Importance in India .

30. SEEDLESSNESS
SEEDLESSNESS OF grapes is due to stenospermocarpy
It is a type of parthenocarpy
The term coined by – Stout .
1 . If crossing between seeded female & seeded male -16.6 to 27.54
% of seedless fruits are obtained .
2. If crossing between seeded female & seedless male – not much
important .

31. DIFFICULTIES IN GRAPE BREEDING
 The root stocks which are tolerant to any biotic or abiotic stresses
or susseptlable some other problems .
 The released rootstocks are not suitable to all types of
environmental conditions , soils .
 Pollen storage for hybridisation technique .

32. Reference :
1.N. Kumar text book
2. Instant Horticulture –S . N. Gupta
3. Fruit Crops – Dr . T . Radha & Dr . L .Mathew
4. www google.com in…

33. Presented by :
Yaddanapudi Pooja ,
RHM / 17 – 28 .

34. SUBMITTED TO :
Basheeruddihin sir

35. THANKYOU