“HOT COFFEE” MOVIE WORKSHEET BUS 347 PROF. CHIZEVER TERM:____ Student Names/Group #:_________________________________________ 1. The McDonald’s hot coffee case was the “bumper sticker” case and the subject of jokes as an example of frivolous lawsuits. What is your definition of a frivolous lawsuit? 2. Had you heard of this case before? What were your impressions of the case before you saw this movie? 3. When the plaintiff spilled the coffee, was she driving the car? How did she spill the coffee? Have you ever spilled coffee or any other hot drink? 4. How extensive were the burns? What effect do you think would there have been if the coffee spilled on a baby? 5. The jury was asked to allocate a percentage of fault to the plaintiff. What percentage did they give to her?______ What would you have given?_____ 6. Name three reasons why the jury found McDonalds liable for her injuries: 7. What are compensatory damages? 8. How much did they award in punitive damages?_____________ 9. What is the purpose of punitive damages? 10. How did the jury come up with that amount? 11. Do you believe their evaluation was fair? Explain. 12. McDonalds’ coffee is now 10 degrees lower. On balance, are you pleased they lowered it to avoid more injuries, or is this an unfair restriction on the freedom of the company to do business as they wish? 13. What is a tort? 14. What is tort reform? Were you aware of this before seeing the movie? 15. ATRA (American Tort Reform Association). Who formed it and whose interests do they primarily represent? 16. George W Bush mounted a campaign in Texas for medical liability reform, claiming there were “too many lawsuits in America” and that excessive jury awards were a major cause of increased costs in the health care system. Texas instituted limits and caps on jury awards. What has happened to health care costs in Texas since then? 17. Caps on damages in Nebraska required that the jury award of $5.6 million for Colin, a permanently disabled child whose disability was caused by medical malpractice, was dramatically reduced. Who is now responsible for paying for the money needed for his care? 18. Who benefitted from the reduction? 9. Some lawyers claim it is unconstitutional to take away the power of the jury to determine the amount of damages and give it to the legislature. What constitutional right may be violated? 20. Caps on damages may be applied to punitive, non-economic and the entire amount. What are non-economic damages? 21. Where caps have been instituted, have medical malpractice rates decreased? 22. Who are the founders and major supporters of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce? 23. What is the Chamber’s main function and who is on the Board of Directors? 24. What are the limits on individuals’ contributions to elections? 25. Why would businesses want to influence the election of judges in a state? 26. In Mississippi, what per ...

1. “HOT COFFEE” MOVIE WORKSHEET BUS 347 PROF.
CHIZEVER TERM:____
Student Names/Group
#:_________________________________________
1. The McDonald’s hot coffee case was the “bumper sticker”
case and the subject of jokes as an example of frivolous
lawsuits. What is your definition of a frivolous lawsuit?
2. Had you heard of this case before? What were your
impressions of the case before you saw this movie?
3. When the plaintiff spilled the coffee, was she driving the
car? How did she spill the coffee? Have you ever spilled
coffee or any other hot drink?
4. How extensive were the burns? What effect do you think
would there have been if the coffee spilled on a baby?
5. The jury was asked to allocate a percentage of fault to the
plaintiff. What percentage did they give to her?______ What
would you have given?_____

2. 6. Name three reasons why the jury found McDonalds liable for
her injuries:
7. What are compensatory damages?
8. How much did they award in punitive
damages?_____________
9. What is the purpose of punitive damages?
10. How did the jury come up with that amount?
11. Do you believe their evaluation was fair? Explain.
12. McDonalds’ coffee is now 10 degrees lower. On balance,
are you pleased they lowered it to avoid more injuries, or is this
an unfair restriction on the freedom of the company to do
business as they wish?
13. What is a tort?
14. What is tort reform? Were you aware of this before seeing
the movie?

3. 15. ATRA (American Tort Reform Association). Who formed it
and whose interests do they primarily represent?
16. George W Bush mounted a campaign in Texas for medical
liability reform, claiming there were “too many lawsuits in
America” and that excessive jury awards were a major cause of
increased costs in the health care system.
Texas instituted limits and caps on jury awards. What has
happened to health care costs in Texas since then?
17. Caps on damages in Nebraska required that the jury award
of $5.6 million for Colin, a permanently disabled child whose
disability was caused by medical malpractice, was dramatically
reduced. Who is now responsible for paying for the money
needed for his care?
18. Who benefitted from the reduction?
9. Some lawyers claim it is unconstitutional to take away the
power of the jury to determine the amount of damages and give
it to the legislature. What constitutional right may be violated?
20. Caps on damages may be applied to punitive, non-economic
and the entire amount. What are non-economic damages?
21. Where caps have been instituted, have medical malpractice

4. rates decreased?
22. Who are the founders and major supporters of the U.S.
Chamber of Commerce?
23. What is the Chamber’s main function and who is on the
Board of Directors?
24. What are the limits on individuals’ contributions to
elections?
25. Why would businesses want to influence the election of
judges in a state?
26. In Mississippi, what percentage of appeals from a jury
verdict are successful?
27. Name three examples of the types of companies that require
mandatory arbitration agreements from their members/clients.
28. Do most members/clients know they have agreed to
mandatory arbitration? Have you signed one, and were you

5. aware of it at the time?
29. Briefly explain how mandatory arbitration applies to a legal
dispute.
30. What benefit could there in mandatory arbitration be for
businesses?
31. What problem might arise for non-corporate plaintiffs in a
dispute that will be controlled by mandatory arbitration?
32. Jamie Jones fought to get a jury trial rather than mandatory
arbitration in her dispute against Haliburton. Why?
33. In general, if the client was not aware he/she was agreeing
to mandatory arbitration, do courts uphold these agreements?
34. a) What benefit is there to the public in having public
trials?
b) What detriment is there to the public in having public trials?
35. a) What are the benefits, if any, of jury trials?

6. b) What are the detriments, if any, of jury trials?
36. Can public justice for one person have an impact on others?
Explain.
37. Choose another title for this movie:
38. What, if anything, did you learn from this movie that you
did not previously know?

7. Homeostatic Regulation of Ca2+
Concentration in Blood
Age and Dietary Related Changes to Bone
Osgood-
Schlatter
Disease
Sever’s Disease
Little League Elbow
Avulsion
Fracture
Compression Fracture
The Axial Skeleton

8. Spina Bifida
45
The Appendicular Skeleton
Objectives
• Identify the bones of the pectoral girdle and upper limbs, their
functions and their
features.
• Identify the bones of the pelvic girdle and lower limbs, their
functions and their
features.
• Compare the male and female pelvic structure.
• Explain how the skeleton can reveal significant information
about the individual.
• Compare male and female skeletons.
• Describe the effect of aging on the skeleton.
The Pectoral Girdle
Pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle)
• Articulates the upper limbs with the trunk/axial skeleton at the
sternoclavicular joint
• Consists of the clavicle and scapula articulating at the
acromioclavicular joint

9. • Not a complete girdle as there is no posterior bony union
• This results in great range of motion, but joint instability
Clavicle
Bony landmarks: acromial end, sternal end, conoid tubercle
(inferior aspect),
be able to distinguish left clavicle from right clavicle
Scapula
Spine Superior border
Acrimion process Superior angle
Supraspinous fossa Inferior angle
Infraspinous fossa Glenoid fossa (cavity)
Subscapular fossa Coracoid process
Superior border Medial (vertebral) border
Lateral (axillary) border
Upper Limbs (60 bones total)
• Scapula articulates with upper limb via humerus at the
glenohumoral joint
Humerus
• Articulates with scapula at glenohumeral joint; and radius and
ulna at the elbow joint
Head Medial epicondyle
Anatomical neck Lateral epicondyle
Surgical neck Trochlea
Greater tubercle Capitulum
Lesser tubercle Coronoid fossa (anterior)
Intertubercular groove Radial fossa (anterior)
Deltoid tuberosity Olecranon fossa (posterior)
46

10. Radius
Head Styloid process
Neck Notch
Tuberosity
Ulna
Olecranon process Styloid process
Coronoid process Head (distal)
Trochlear (semilunar) notch Tuberosity
Radial notch
Carpal Bones and Hand
• Carpus forms wrist
• Carpals are two rows of four bones (eight total bones)
Proximal row starting at thumb: scaphoid, lunate, triquitrum,
pisiform
Distal row: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
Mnemonic: Some lovers try positions that they can’t handle
• Metacarpals of hand: Numbered I – V starting at thumb using
Roman numerals
• Fingers comprised of phalanges (phalanx, singular)
Each finger has three phlanges, Pollex (thumb) has two
Fingers numbered I – V starting at thumb, but each does have
it’s own name:
thumb or pollex, index, middle, ring, little
The Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
The Pelvic Girdle
• More massive than the pectoral girdle, less mobility, more
stability
• Consists of two os coxae

11. • Fusion of ilium, ischium, and pubis into a single bone (by 12-
16 yrs.)
Ilium
Iliac crest Posterior superior iliac spine
Anterior superior iliac spine Posterior inferior iliac spine
Anterior inferior iliac spine Greater sciatic notch
Iliac fossa Auricular fossa
Ischium
Ischial spine Ischial tuberosity
Ramus
Lesser sciatic notch
Pubis
Pubic symphysis (symphysis pubis) Tubercle
Superior ramus Inferior ramus
Pelvis
• Composed of the hipbones, sacrum, and coccyx
• Subdivided into the false (greater) and true (lesser) pelvis
• Pelvic brim divides the above
47
Male vs. Female Pelvis
The female pelvis has the following distinctions:
Greater pelvic outlet: greater distance between ischial spines
Flared ilia
Greater distance between PSIS, showing therefore more sacrum
Subpubic angle is greater than 100° (Males are less than 90°)

12. Lower Limbs (60 bones total)
• Femur is the longest bone in the body
• Articulates with the tibia at the knee
• Patella is a large sesamoid bone
• Fibula parallels tibia laterally
Femur
Head Medial condyle
Fovea capitus Lateral condyle
Neck Intercondylar fossa
Greater trochanter Medial epicondyle
Lesser trochanter Lateral epicondyle
Intertrochanteric crest (posterior) Patellar surface
Intertrochanteric line (anterior) Linea aspera
Tibia
Medial condyle Tuberosity
Lateral condyle Medial malleolus
Intercondylar eminence
Fibula
Head Lateral malleolus
Patella
Sesamoid bone that provides mechanical advantage to muscular
forces at knee
Tarsal bones and Foot
• Seven tarsal bones: talus (articulates with tibia), calcaneus
(heel), cuboid, navicular,
cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral; or 1st, 2nd & 3rd)
• Pattern of metatarsal bones and phalanges parallels that of the
hand
• When standing, body weight is mostly transferred from the

13. talus to the calcaneus
• Rest is passed on to metatarsals
• Weight transfer occurs along longitudinal arch
• Transverse arch also exists
40
The Axial Skeleton
Objectives
• Identify the bones of the axial skeleton and specify their
functions.
• Identify the bones of the cranium and face.
• Describe the differences between adult, child, and infant
skulls.
• Identify and describe the curvatures of the spinal column.
• Identify the vertebral regions and give characteristics of each.
• Explain the articulations between the thoracic vertebrae, the
ribs, and sternum.
Skeletal system includes both:
• Axial skeleton – 80 Bones
• Skull – 28 bones
• 8 cranial bones: frontal, parietal (2) occipital, temporal (2),
sphenoid, ethmoid
• 14 facial bones: nasal (2), maxillae (2), zygomatic (2),
palatine (2), vomer,
inferior nasal conchae (2), lacrimal (2), mandible
• Auditory ossicles (6 bones)

14. • 1 hyoid bone
• Vertebral column- 24 vertebrae, sacrum, cocyx
• Thoracic cage – 24 ribs and sternum
• Appendicular skeleton – 126 bones
• Pectoral and pelvic girdles – 6 bones
• Upper and lower limbs – 120 bones
• Total of 206 bones
The Axial Skeleton
The skull
• Consists of the cranium and the bones of the face
• The cranium encloses cranial cavity or cranial vault
• Facial bones surround and protect the entrances to the
respiratory and digestive
tracts
Lab Experience
Locate the following axial skeleton landmarks on the plastic and
natural bone specimens
in the lab.
DO NOT use your pen or pencil to point, use the supplied pi pe
cleaners
41
List of Cranial Bones and Landmarks

15. Region View Bone
Bone Landmarks
Cranium Frontal Frontal Supraorbital foramen
Nasal
Sphenoid Superior orbital fissure
Inferior orbital fissure
Optic foramen (canal)
Ethmoid Perpendicular plate
Superior nasal concha
Middle nasal concha
Inferior nasal concha
Lacrimal
Zygomatic
Mandible Body
Ramus
Alveolar processes
Angle
Mental foramen
Cranium Lateral Maxilla Infraorbital foramen
Mandible Coronoid process
Condylar process/Articular surface
Mandibular notch
Body
Ramus
Mental foramen

16. Zygomatic Temporal process
Temporal Zygomatic process
Styloid process
Mastoid process
External auditory (acoustic) meatus
Sphenoid Greater wing
Other Bones Nasal, Lacrimal, Occipital, Frontal
Other Landmarks Coronal suture, Squamous suture,
Lambdoid suture,
Sagittal suture (superior view)
42
Region View Bone
Bone Landmarks
Cranial Floor Superior Frontal Frontal sinus (not always
visible)
w/ calvaria removed
Ethmoid Cribiform plate
Olfactory foramina
Crista galli
Sphenoid Sella turcica (Pituitary fossa)
Greater wing
Lesser wing
Temporal Pterous portion

17. Occipital Foramen magnum
Cranium Inferior Maxilla Palatine process (hard palate)
w/ mandible removed Palatine Horizontal plate (hard palate)
Vomer
Sphenoid
Temporal Mastoid process
Styloid process
Mandibular process
Occipital External occipital protuberance
Foramen magnum
Occipital condyles
Orbit Frontal Orbital Bones Frontal, Maxilla, Zygomatic,
Lacrimal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid,
Palatine
Nasal Cavity Frontal Ethmoid Middle nasal concha,
Perpindicular plate
Boney septum Vomer
Inferior nasal concha
Nasal Sinuses Frontal Bones w/ sinuses Frontal sinus,
Sphenoidal sinus,
Ethmoidal sinus, Maxillary sinus
Sutures
Coronal - Between Frontal & Parietal
Sagittal - Between Parietals
Lambdoidal - Between Parietals & Occipital
Squamous - Between Parietals & Temporals

18. Fetal Skull
Anterior (frontal) fontanel
Posterior (occipital) fontanel
Sphenoidal (anterolateral) fontanel
Mastoid (posterolateral) fontanel
43
Vertebral Column
Divisions
Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacral (5 fused into 1 bone) & Coccygeal (3-5 fused into 1
bone)
Curves
Each region has its own curve
Primary Curves – Thoracic and sacral form “C” shape in infant
Secondary Curves – Cervical develops when supporting head,
lumbar develops
when supporting body weight while sitting
Bony Landmarks
Typical Vertebrae
Body
Pedicle
Lamina
Vertebral arch
Spinous process
Transverse processes

19. Superior articular process and facet
Inferior articular process and facet
Vertebral foramen
Intervertebral notch – forms Intervertebral foramen when 2
vertebrae articulate
Regional Differences
Cervical
Smallest
C1 also called Atlas, C2 also called Axis form atlantoaxial joint
C1 mostly a bony ring, C2 contains the Dens or Odontoid
process
Allows for turning head as in saying No
C2 – C6 contain bifid spinous processes
C7 has a large spinous process called vertebra prominens
Thoracic
Medium sized
Downward projecting spinous processes
Presence of facets for rib articulations
Lumbar
Largest
Blunt projections
Sacrum
Base Median sacral crest
Apex Auricular surface
Sacral foramina Ala or wing
Sacral canal Sacral hiatus
Coccyx

20. 44
Thoracic Cage
Sternum
Manibrium Jugular notch
Body Clavicular notch
Xiphoid process
Ribs
12 pair (in both male and female!)
True ribs (vertebrosternal) – Ribs 1 – 7
False ribs (vertebrochondral) –Ribs 8-12
*Ribs 11 & 12 are floating ribs (false ribs, but not
vertebrochondral)