Urban management of Duhok master plan

URBAN MANAGEMENT OF
DUHOK MASTER PLAN
UNIVERSITY OF DUHOK
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
FIRST SEMESTER
LOCAL ARCHITECTURE
2019-2020
PREPARED BY
PAYMAN BAHJAT
RANIAH MOQBAL
ZAINAB MOHAMAD
SUPERVISED BY
MRS.RANA FATHI

 Introduction.
 Purpose of master plan.
 Planning process.
 Chapter one (old Duhok).
Old plan of Duhok.
Development of Duhok till 2000.
Example (analysis of city center).
 Chapter two (present Duhok).
Main sectors.
Duhok new master plan.
Example for each sector.
Example (analysis of city center).
 Chapter three (New Duhok).
Future expansion.
Alternative land use senarios.
Example (analysis of new Duhok).
 Comparison.
 Suggestions.
 Conclusion.

Comprehensive planning is a process that determines
community goals and aspirations in terms of community
development. Comprehensive plans typically encompass
large geographical areas, a broad range of topics, and
cover a long-term time horizon.
A comprehensive plan is not a permanent document. It can
be changed and rewritten over time. For many fast
growing communities, it is necessary to revise or update
the comprehensive plan every five to ten years. In order
for the comprehensive plan to be relevant to the
community.

In a developing city such as Duhok, the Development Master Plan lays down the space
requirements for the coming years, sometimes decades. The plan suggests new roads and the
width of roads that do not yet exist. It also suggests land uses, green belts, landforms and
water bodies, etc. For the additional population that is expected to arrive in coming years,
the plan provides for new residential areas along with amenities and services. The plan also
reserves sites for future schools, colleges, hospitals, shopping centers and infrastructure in
areas that are entirely uninhabited today.
The Duhok Master Plan is a short to long term perspective plan with ideas for achieving
specific goals. It capitalizes on available resources at the present physical condition to
develop a spatial concept for the future. Short-term plans will be carried out in stages to
achieve the Master Plan’s long-term goals formulated within the framework of its concepts
and structure. The plan is also the basis used by private and governmental infrastructure-
building agencies and other local bodies to formulate their future projects.

Identifying issues
The planner must first address the issue they are investigating.
Stating goals
Once issues have been identified by a community, goals can then be
established. Goals are community visions.
Collecting data
Data is needed in the planning process in order to evaluate current city
conditions as well as to predict future conditions.
Preparing the plan
The plan is prepared using the information gathered during the data
collection and goal setting stages.

Creating implementation plans
During this stage of the process different programs are thought of in order to
implement the goals of the plan.
Evaluating alternatives
Each alternative should be evaluated by community leaders to ensure the
most efficient and cost-effective way to realize the community's goals.
Adopting a plan
The community needs to adopt the plan as an official statement of policy in
order for it to take effect. This is usually done by the City Council and
through public hearings.
Implementing and monitoring the plan
Using the implementation plans defined in the earlier stages, the city will
carry out the goals in the comprehensive plan.

Duhok city in 1923
Duhok city starts as a village, with small houses around a commercial zone (old local souq)
which was a connection district for trade enhancement.

-After that, starts to expand towards the east with residential zone, then expanded to
south as services, industrial and health zones, then in 1994 it developed towards west
with entertainment, tourism, open spaces and orchards.

Land use of Duhok city at the end
development in 2000
‫السكنية‬ ‫االستعماالت‬
‫التجارية‬ ‫االستعماالت‬
‫الخدمات‬
‫الصناعية‬ ‫االستعماالت‬
‫والترفيه‬ ‫السياحة‬
‫المقابر‬
‫مفتوحة‬ ‫مناطق‬
‫بساتين‬
‫رئيسي‬ ‫طريق‬
‫النقل‬ ‫طرق‬

Analysis of city center
Example

First stage Second stage
Third stage

‫التجارية‬ ‫الشوارع‬
‫السوقية‬ ‫االزقة‬
‫القيصريات‬
‫المركزية‬ ‫التجارية‬ ‫المنطقة‬ ‫حواف‬
‫االدارية‬ ‫المباني‬
‫الركاب‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫كراج‬
‫سيارات‬ ‫موقف‬
‫بساتين‬
‫المركزية‬ ‫التجارية‬ ‫المنطقة‬ ‫حدود‬
‫التجاري‬ ‫القلب‬ ‫حدود‬

‫النامية‬ ‫التجارية‬ ‫االشرطة‬
‫الرئسية‬ ‫التجارية‬ ‫االشرطة‬
‫الخارجية‬ ‫التجارية‬ ‫االشرطة‬
‫والرابطة‬ ‫الثانوية‬ ‫التجارية‬ ‫االشرطة‬
‫االساسي‬ ‫التصميم‬ ‫حدود‬
‫ت‬‫الطرق‬ ‫قاطعات‬
‫المركزية‬ ‫التجارية‬ ‫المنطقة‬
‫بساتين‬

In souq of Duhok in 1970s Street Gary basi

-After that the city has been developed more , which generated another sectors like
administration, transportation, agriculture, high education and residential-tourism.
So, now we have these existing sectors:
• Residential.
• Commercial.
• Industrial.
• Services.
• Health .
• Entertainment.
• Open spaces.
• Orchards.
• Administration.
• Transportation.
• Agriculture.
• High education.
• Residential-tourism.

Residential
Commercial
entertainment
Administration
Industrial
Agriculture

In the image below, a set of specific points which are examples for each sector, and will be
analyzed in detail.

1. The inner city properties will be partly restructured for change of use through
function reallocations (public administrations).
2. The demand for areas for trade, industry and services will increase in the future;
pressure regarding redesign of the properties primarily along the main roads will
increase.
3. The supply of trade and industry and customer’s search for parking spaces partly
block the flow of traffic on the main streets.
4. The development and the hierarchy of the road network do not meet the future
requirements in case of an increase in traffic density.
5. The number of parking spaces in the areas does not correspond to the predicted
demand.
6. The densely developed inner city quarters exhibit a low level of public spaces.
7. The available public spaces have great deficits with respect to attractiveness and
sojourn quality (trees, green areas, equipment, paths).
8. There is no interconnection of the open spaces; there are hardly any safe, minimal-
traffic spaces for pedestrians.
Within the next years, parts of the centre of Duhok City will face
considerable changes in the process of urban renewal and reorganisation.
Generally the inner city areas of Duhok City exhibit the following problems:

The city centre consists of Dasinya, Bazaar, Brayati, and
Nohadra. Trade and services (Bazaar) are concentrated
in these districts and the offices of important public
administrations can also be found there (e.g. office of the
governors and the mayor, administration of the
governorate, court, parts of the city government, police).
Development objectives
1. Increase of the attractiveness and sojourn quality in
public spaces.
2. Improvement of the connection to local public
transport.
3. Extension of the functional areas trade, business,
services, culture.
4. Creation of parking spaces for visitors, employees,
and residents.
5. Only the art school is to be preserved as a historical
building and will be used as a school or museum

The Shele Ouarter is situated south of the city centre and
is limited by 4-lane roads on three sides (Silav Street,
Raza Road). The Hichkaru River borders on Shele in the
south. A new traffic hub connecting 5 roads was
implemented in the north-east of Shele. A new 4-lane
bridge over the Geli River is currently being built at the
north-west side (Shoresh-Shely Bridge). The quarter is
only inadequately connected to the main roads, however:
with the possibility of right turning-right exiting.
Development objectives:
1. Improvement of the connection of the area to the main
road network
2. Improvement of the development of the business areas
along the main roads
3. Development of a hierarchical road network within
the area
4. Redesign of the areas along the Hichkaru River banks
with consideration of the location of the main water
collector

At present, Malta has a rather village-like character. Due to
the city expansion of Duhok it will soon be a part of the city
area, however. The area is characterized by the Malta Hill as
a historical testimony to the settlement development.
Malta has a great number of schools. The entire area appears
very green since the properties are sparingly developed and
the gardens are filled with trees and bushes. The building
fabric is poor. For this reason, restructuring and
reconstruction will take place in the next years.
The road network is in poor condition. Only the main streets
have an asphalt surface.
Development objectives
1. Heightening of the attractiveness of Malta Hill as a
destination for recreational activities and tourism
2. Development of a hierarchical road network in the area
3. Improvement of the connection to the main road network
4. Creation of a linked open space system
5. Integration of the already planned traffic projects

Public buildings as well as trade and service facilities are
concentrated along the main street in Semel
The streets in the older part of Semel are predominantly very
narrow and do not meet the requirements of a future
motorization. The available parking spaces are not sufficient in
case of a functional development into a southern centre.
The Semel Hill is also a historical testimony of the settlement
development.
Development objectives:
1. Creation of development areas for centre functions,
preferentially on the northern side of the main road
2. Organisation of supply of the functional areas from the back
side
3. Integration of parking spaces and parking garages for
meeting the parking requirements
4. Redesign of the main street for the integration of a Misirik-
Semel-Duhok tram connection
5. Improvement of the connection of the residential areas to the
main street

Baroshke is one of the districts of Duhok with the highest
population density. The area is very densely developed.
The area has no public green spaces and no public
children’s playgrounds.
Different alternatives are conceivable to achieve a
reduction in population density:
1.Demolition of every second residential house in the
residential complexes; the freed property will be added to
the respectively neighbouring property as only partially
developable area.
2. Integration of public green spaces and playgrounds in
the area; this integration can be realized by prior
demolition of two neighbouring residential complexes for
each project
3.Creation of green connections between the slopes of the
Bekher Mountains and the Hichkaru River

A Part of Duhok City Center
Now we will start with City Center(Bazar) to analyst it.

Existing Heritage Building in Duhok
City Center
Bazaar
Old Christian area
Green Space
Parking
Old Duhok City Center Bazaar 1955-1960
Old Christian Area
Shorash Road in 1960

Existing Building Height in
Duhok City Center

Existing Land Use in Duhok City Center

Existing Center Building Conditions in
Duhok City

Pedestrian in Duhok City Center

Main roads in Duhok City Center

 We need to repair pedestrian roads in the site.
 The site need more green areas and open spaces.
 We will make old Christian areas archaeological area in the site.
 The site have many visual pollution problems.
Visual pollution Problems

The town development of Duhok in west and east direction continued according to the
planning of the city administration.
-The border for the compact urban extension forms in the west the Wadi at the east edge of
the campus.There from a linear-radial extension takes place toward Keval–Seje as well as
towardTenahi–Semel–Misirik (housing location and industrial site the function of a Sub
center). South theWhite Mountains the settlement development from Domiz toward Sharia
takes place as an independent city.
Development model city region Duhok
The development options within
the ranges Fayda and at the west
edge of Domiz are reseted, since a
development of these surfaces is
problematic by the topography
and the basic conditions on the
part of the technical infrastructure.

As the first step in the future development of the city region Duhok, strategic scenarios were
devised. One objective was to outline fundamental development possibilities for Duhok and to
analyze the respective advantages and disadvantages. This process yielded the following
alternatives:
Alternative 1 Alternative 2a
Alternative 2b Alternative 3

Alternative 1- Westward expansion
The city expansion continues linearly westward in the areas north of Semel and Misirik
along the planned motorway in the direction of the Turkish border.
Advantages:
The traffic and the technical infrastructure are
concentrated on a few main routes.
There are only short distances (theoretically) between the
functions housing, working, and center.
Disadvantages:
The present urban development will be continued and the
city will extend up to a length of approx. 27 km.
The model requires a stringent arrangement of the urban
functions, the flexibility for internal development is low.
The course of the motorway, the planned railway line and
the Bekher Mountains leave only a narrow development
corridor.
The future extendibility is restricted since it can only be
continued westward. The development of the area can
only begin once the new main traffic routes are completed
and connected to the main road network of the city.
Alternative 1

Alternative 2a- Development in the Sharia
plain (between the Zawa and Dakhan Mountains)
The new building areas are planned as an independent city structure in the settlement
triangle Domiz-Faida-Sharia south of the existing motorway and east of the street
Duhok-Mousel (New Duhok).
Advantages:
continuous city structure can be created. A high degree of
flexibility. The possibility of an expansion exists at the
southern limit as well as eastward. The compact city
structure ensures an efficient use of the required
investments for the technical and social infrastructure.
The development of a functionally multilayered city
center is possible and also attractive for investors, trade
and services on the basis of the potential number of
residents.
Disadvantages:
the existing settlements in the area (Krepan, Sharia) will
become a part of New Duhok. The distance to Duhok City
amounts to 10-12 km via the existing road network. The
implementation of a tunnel through the Zawa Mountains
requires considerable investment. The connection of the
tunnel road with the main road network of Duhok City
requires changes in existing building areas.
Alternative 2a

Alternative 3- Development in the Sharia plain
(between the Zawa and Dakhan Mountains)
The new city structure will be integrated directly at the southern slope of the Zawa
Mountains up to the settlement of Sharia. In order to obtain the required space for the
city expansion, the route of the motorway will be moved south and will then pass between
Sharia and the northern slope of the Dakhan Mountains.The construction of a tunnel
through the Zawa Mountains is required for an efficient connection between New Duhok
and Duhok City.
Advantages:
A new, compact city structure will be created. In virtue of
the location at the southern slope, the distance Duhok City
- New Duhok is reduced via the tunnel.
Disadvantages:
The settlement Sharia is located in direct proximity of the
planned motorway and will be integrated into the new city
from the north.
The flexibility and extensibility is limited by the Zawa
Mountains in the north and the motorway in the east,
south and west. The location of the motorway leads to an
isolation of the new city from its surroundings.
The development of the area can only begin once a main
road is built starting from the road Duhok-Mousel.
Alternative 2b

Alternative 3- Decentralized developments
The existing network of settlements is used for the designation of the required building
areas. The new building areas are arranged at the outskirts of the respective towns. A
new, compact city in the city region is not intended.
Advantages:
The network of settlements in the city region Duhok will
keep its authenticity. The hearts of the settlements receive
a growth impulse for the fulfillment of the basic needs of
the increasing population.
Disadvantages:
The social and technical infrastructure for every
settlement has to be established or expanded considerably.
Due to the respective size of the settlements, not all urban
functions can be integrated everywhere. A strong focus on
Duhok City thus remains. The traffic congestion will
increase considerably, primarily at entry points to the city.
Due to the rather detailed development, the technical
infrastructure networks will become more complex,
routes and distances will become longer. Alternative 3

1-improvement of the housing situation in the existing areas by means of structural.
2-development and differentiation of central areas.
3-Reduction of conflict situations in the existing areas by means of
relocation,restructuring of business locations.
4-development and strengthening of the city of Duhok as administrative and service
centre in the north of the autonomous region Kurdistan.

Duhok-City
Residential use in the existing city is mainly distributed east and west of the city centre. The high-density
residential quarters like Baroshke are located east of the centre and north. The residential quarters Ashti,
Shorash, Nawroz and Gre Base, developed in the 1970s and 1980s, border on the centre immediately
northwest.
Semel / Misirik
The third settlement centre is located in the area around the existing towns Semel and Misirik, west / south
of the new expressway.
New-Duhok
An extensive expansion
south of the Zawa
Mountains in the area
Sharia, Fayda and Domiz is
necessary, since the
expansion areas for the
residential construction
within Duhok City are no
longer sufficient considering the expected
rise in population to 750,000-800,000
inhabitants.

Locations for Industrial / Commercial Areas in the City Region
Location between Semel and Misirik (1)
The development of the industrial area starts at the road Semel-Zakho. The location of the junction has been
chosen in such a way that the planned main road to the north of Misirik can also be connected.
In case of complete occupancy of the industrial area there is the possibility of an expansion along the street
north of Semel.
Location east of Semel (2)
Because of the relative proximity to Duhok City, Semel / Misirik and Domiz, direct accessibility of the area
from all larger residential areas is ensured.
Location north of New Duhok (3)
The location is situated east of the Mossul-Duhok
street on the northern limit of the planned city
expansion area Domiz-Sharia.The development
of the industrial area starts from the Faida-Duhok
street.
Location on the eastern side of New Duhok (4)
This location represents an expansion option if
the other industrial areas are fully occupied. A
connection to the expressway is ensured via the
eastern junction. Additionally, a connection to the
Mossul-Duhok street exists.

Step 1- Determination of the characteristics of the areas and sectors to be
planned on the basis of their spatial position and functional significance in
the overall area as well as with regard to the context (relations to
neighboring areas, traffic connections, etc.)
Step 2- Determination of the building and occupant density (dependent
on step 1)
Step 3- Specification of the function mixture of residential construction
and public facilities
Step 4- Selection of suitable urban patterns
Step 5- Customization of the patterns (urban development patterns)
Step 6- Building planning
Step 7- Open space planning within the quarters (residential building
land),
Step 8- Treatment of special problems: noise prevention, town hygiene
(waste collection, exposure to sunlight – shade…)
Planning framework of New Duhok - modular building planning

Central/compact
Central/inside green corridor
Compact outskirts
Outskirts with inside green corridor
Central area/special shapes
Industrial mix area /special shapes
Outskirts /special shapes
Schools inhabitat
Common market/above local level facility
Centrality
Wadi area

Green corridor along roads
Green corridor with parking zone
Central /main green space
Park/central park
Sports and recreation
Central places

Modular System - Development of Building Structures
Example: District 1

Customization of the patterns (urban
development patterns) with regards
to the particular conditions of the
site

area total: 14 ha
Building and open space planning within the quarter (example with
other urban patterns)

-Making secondary center in the south, in addition to the existing main center in the
north, so reduce congestion on the main city center, and expandability east and west.
semel
misriki
domiz
fyida
sharya
Main city center
Secondary city
center
khanka

Type of comparison Old Duhok Present Duhok Future Duhok
Starting point as a village, with
small houses around
a commercial zone
(old local souq)
towards the east
with residential
zone, then to south
as services,
industrial and health
zones
is New Duhok near
Fayda, Shariya and
Domiz
Existing Sectors Residential and
commercial
Residential.
Commercial.
Industrial.
Services.
Health .
Entertainment.
Open spaces.
Orchards.
Administration.
Transportation.
Agriculture.
High education.
Residential-tourism.
All that mentioned
withTransportation
planning like
airport, metro
Tunnel New Duhok
,Railway and
Telecommunication

Type of
comparison
Old Duhok Present Duhok Future Duhok
Expansion direction the souq as the
center of Duhok
and organized
around it residential
houses
the expansion took
east and west
directions, as a
linear-radial
expansion from the
center
The expansion
continue to the east
and west, and also
to the south
direction
Sectors
organization
Commercial as the
center (the
souq)and
residential
surrounds it
From the center to
the east we notice
the juxtaposition of
residential,
commercial and
industrial sectors,
also in the middle
the gathering of
administration
buildings with
residential houses
behind them.
Focusing on the
combination of
residential-
commercial sectors,
more organized
distribution

Type of
comparison
Old Duhok Present Duhok Future Duhok
Sectors
organization
At the north
entertainment
sector.
To the west also we
will notice the
combination of
residential and
commercial sectors.
With the
appearance of
transfer and
agriculture sectors.

 The most important sectors are residential and commercial because the beginning
of Dohuk was from both of them and are the most dominant in master plan of
Duhok.
 More attention should be paid to the entertainment sector when compared to other
sectors.
 Confusion between sectors such as in Baroshki area that have residential sector
with the industrial, which should be outside the residential area.
 Lack of government health centers that should be distributed throughout the Master
Duhok city.
 Due to the lack of prior planning for the master plan of Duhok and since the
expansion of Duhok was linear, which led to the distribution of some sectors
linearly so that made them to be spaced of each other.
 According to the analysis of the center of Dohuk city there are some landmarks
and old residential buildings also mosque and church must maintain its authenticity
to give the identity of the place.
 Due to that Duhok is organized in a linear way, there is a tremendous momentum
on the traffic, so the main streets can be restructured by enlarging their width or
forming new streets or making tunnels to reduce the distance between areas.

Urban management of Duhok master plan

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