Geographical Information System

1. Geographical Information
System
1
GIS
P.A.Nadgouda
Assistant Professor
DYPCET

2. Flow of Presentation
1. Introduction to GIS
2. History of Development
3. Key Components of GIS
4. GIS Processes
5. 4 M’s of GIS
6. Contribution Disciplines of GIS
7. Applications of GIS
8. Research Papers

3. Introduction to GIS
GEOGRAPHIC
implies that locations of the data items are known, or can be
calculated, in terms of Geographic coordinates (Latitude, Longitude)
INFORMATION
implies that the data in a GIS are organized to yield useful knowledge,
often as colored maps and images, but also as statistical graphics,
tables, and various on-screen responses to interactive queries.
SYSTEM
implies that a GIS is made up from several inter-related and linked
components with different functions. Thus, GIS have functional
capabilities for data capture, input, manipulation, transformation,
visualization, combinations, query, analysis, modelling and output.

4. AModel of GIS

5. • Allow users to create interactive queries.
• Analyze spatial information
• Edit data in maps.
• Geographic concepts, applications, and systems.
• Refers to a number of different technologies, processes,
and methods.
• Foundation for many location-enabled services that rely
on analysis and visualization.
• Relate unrelated information.
• RecordsLocations or extents in the Earth space–time.

6. The x, y and z axis representating the longitude, latitude,
and elevation, respectively

7. KEY COMPONENTS OF GIS

8. 2. Software:-
•Analyse and display geographic information.
•Provides function and tools needed.
3. Data:-
•Collects the geographic and other tabular data
•It assemble to use specifications and requirements
•Integrate spatial data with other existing data resources
•Key functionality is to store the data.
1. Hardware:-
• Used in stand-alone or networked configurations.
• Chief part of GIS such as Computer etc.
• Help to run centralized computer servers to desktop

9. • Developers and users are quiet important.
• Ranges from Specialists to Normal Users.
5. Procedures:-
• Drafting Designs
• Implementing Plans
• Integration into the business strategy and operation
• Requires necessary investments in hardware and
software
4.People:-

10. Register
Map Base
Capture Data
GIS Process
Interpret
Data
Convert Data
to Digital
Format
Store Data
in Computer
Process
Data
Display
Results

11. 4 M’s of GIS

12. Land Use
Cadastral
Agriculture
Hydrology
Environmental
Assessment
Drainage
Network Model
Terrains
4 M’s
Measurement
Mapping
Monitoring
Modelling

13. Contribution Disciplines

14. GIS
Geography
Automated
Cartography
Cartography
CAD,CAM
Surveying
Remote Sensing
Technology
Photographical
Digital
Photogrammetry
Statistics
Mathematics

15. Applications of GIS
1. Agriculture
 Farm management
 Pest/Disease tracking
 Crop monitoring
 Yield prediction
 Soil analysis

16. 2. Natural Resource Management
 Forestry
 Ecology
 Mining
 Petroleum
 Water Resources

17. 3.Planning and Economic Development
 Land Use/Zoning
 Emergency Preparedness
 Population Forecast
 MarketAnalysis
 Property TaxAssessment
 Transportation

21. 4. Geography Matters
Today’s challenges require geographic approach
 Climate Change
 Urban Growth
 SustainableAgriculture
 Water Quality andAvailability
 International and National Security
 Energy
 Epidemiology/Disease Tracking
 Natural Hazards: Seismicity, Weather Events

22. 5.Vehicle Routing

26. 6. Land Use Planning and Management
Map ofAhmedabad City through GIS

27. 7.Environmental Applications
• Land cover and land use analysis
• Modelling watersheds
• Soil Erosion
• Forest management
• Conservation and ProtectedAreas
Marine Map

28. 8.Business Applications
• Delivery of goods and services
• Retail store placement
• Distribution of competitors
• Location of potential customers
• Traffic flow
• Parking locations

29. Expenditures using costumer market data

30. Literature Review
TOPIC:-
An overview of
“Geographic Information
System" and its role and
applicability in
Environmental
Monitoring and Process
Modelling
Author:-
Miroslav Rusko,
Roman Chovanec,
Dana Roskova
Volume 29
Edition :- 1st
Year:- 2010
Methodology Used:- Result/Conclusion:-
GIS system are the powerful
and effective tool for creating
intelligent maps. The system
functions only when the
requisite expertise is available,
the data are compiled, the
necessary routines are
organized, and the programs are
modified to suit the application,
and/or the organization’s needs.
GIS integrates all kinds of
information and applications
with a geographic component
into one manageable system.
The hardware and software
functions of GIS include:-
•Data input
•Data storage
•Data management (data
manipulation, updating,
changing, exchange)
•Data reporting (retrieval,
presentation, analysis,
combination, etc.).
All of these actions and
operations are applied to
GIS as a tool that forms its
database.

31. Literature Review
TOPIC:-
Developing a Web-based
GIS Application
for Earthquake
Information
Author :-
A. Garagon Dogru ,
T. Selcuk ,
H. Ozener,
O. Gurkan, G. Toz
Volume 1
Edition :- 1st
Year:- NA
Methodology Used:- Result/Conclusion:-
It is designed to allow viewing,
querying, and analysis of
geographic information. This
application is a software
independent System. It offers
maximum functionality with the
minimum effort. The drawback
in such a distributed system is
that data come
from different sources based on
different forms and datas
which cause havoc in a GIS. The
response time for generating
maps is related to the map server
configuration (memory, disk,
and processor).
This paper focuses on
development and
implementation of a web-
based GIS application for
earthquake information.
Methods used:-
• Integrating various data from
different sources.
•Provides public users to
access information.
•Gathers information about
Earthquakes doing spatial
and attribute query.
•Easy data management
including maintenance and
updating.

32. Literature Review
TOPIC:-
GIS Technology for
Disasters
and Emergency
Management
Author :-
Russ Johnson
Volume 1
Edition :- 1st
Year:- May 2000
Methodology Used:- Result/Conclusion:-
This paper will identify
emergency management
activities and describe how
GIS technology plays a
critically important role.
Methods Used:-
• Information analysis
• Mapping
• Emergency management
planning
• Planning Implementation
• Modifications in Planning
•Data Reporting
GIS allows emergency
management needs to be
identified prior to an incident.
Emergency management
personnel can use modeling
for training, for actual tactical
deployment during a disaster,
or to analyze the
consequences of a possible
disaster. In short, the
thoughtful application of a
GIS can take
much of the panic and surprise
out of emergencies.

33. Literature Review
TOPIC:-
GIS and Transportation:
Status and Challenges
Author:-
Michael F.
Goodchild
Volume 1
Edition :- 1st
Methodology Used:- Result/Conclusion:-
Database designs have been
influenced by a number of
historical practices and
traditions, and three of these
have been of particular
significance to GIS: map,
navigation, and the study of
behavior. Six research
challenges have been
identified, ranging from the
technical issues of
representation and
unambiguous communication
of location to the economic
modeling of GIS data creation
and use.
The application of GIS in
transportation, dates from
the very earliest in the 1960s.
Methods Used:-
• The mapping
• The navigation
• Unambiguous
communication
• Connectivity
• Response to new
technologies
• Map
Implementation
• Map Recovery

34. References
GIS and Transportation: Status and
Challenges
Websites:- www.google.com
www.wikipedia.org
www.mtf.stuba.sk ncgia.ucsb.edu
www.isprs.org
Journals:-
Research Papers
GIS and its role and applicability
in
1. Environmental Monitoring and
Process Modelling
Authors
Miroslav Rusko, Roman Chovanec,
Dana Roskova
A. Garagon Dogru , T. Selcuk ,
H. Ozener, O. Gurkan, G. Toz
Russ Johnson
Michael F. Goodchild
Developing a Web-based GIS
2. Application for Earthquake Info.
GIS Technology for Disasters and
3. Emergency Management
4.
Books:-
R.B.Khasiya