GIS projects can be loaded onto mobile devices with the users' location live projected onto the project through the use of software platforms such as ArcGIS field maps. Navigating projects (43:18) Builders can actively map out and locate themselves during the construction phase of the project, which allows for more efficient project navigation. Builders can also make coordinate specific notes if necessary during construction. More after construction support (44:11): For farmers and landscape owners: • Farmers can have their own field map of their irrigation systems. o Easily navigate the irrigation design. o Make coordinate specific pinpoints of any damage or breaks in the irrigation system. o Can send harvesters and planters to specific locations. o Can track harvest / planting progress by map. • Landscape owners can have their own generated irrigation schedules to avoid overwatering and underwatering.

1. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-
7065(03)00023-8
• This work describes the development, operational functionalities and spatial modeling applications
of a GIS-based irrigation management system, to be used by irrigation consortia and local
governmental institutions. The system provides tools for the exploration of spatially-referenced
databases relevant for irrigation and the evaluation of irrigation scenarios under different soil,
climatic and management conditions.
• The irrigation water management system makes use of ArcView GIS and the Avenue programming
language for customization of GIS applications and design of new tools for modeling irrigation water
requirements and identifying of areas with water deficit. Irrigation requirements can be estimated
taking into account different scenarios of cropping pattern, climatic conditions (from dry to wet
year), applied irrigation method, volume of water available for irrigation and hydraulic
characteristics of the water distribution system.
• The irrigation water management system runs on different scales of both irrigation (from irrigation
field to irrigation consortia) and administrative (from Kebele to region) units. The integration of
spatial climatic and soil data is based on the ‘‘false-raster’’ format, a vector layer composed of
regular square grid cells. The size of simulation units is a function of the surface area under
consideration which means that the exploration of GIS database and development of irrigation
scenarios provide more detailed data at field and municipality scale and less number of information
at consortia and regional scales. An example of operational functionality of the GIS-based irrigation
water management system is given for selected WFP intervention kebeles of Somali region, in
Eastern Ethiopia.

2. GIS in Irrigation and Water Management
INTRODUCTION
Where resources are scarce, proper planning and decision making at different levels is
essential. In todays high-tech world, information technology provides easy solutions for
decision making, where the key is the collection and collation of different information at
usable format. A geographic information system (GIS) allows users to bring all types of
information based on the geographic and locational component of the data. GIS provides
the power to create maps, integrate information, visualize scenarios, solve complicated
problems, present powerful ideas, and develop effective solutions like never before. More
than that, GIS lets one model scenarios to test various hypotheses and see outcomes
visually to find/identify the outcome that meets the needs of the stakeholders. Now a days,
GIS and related technologies are increasingly being recognized as useful tools for natural
resources inventorying studies and management because of their capability to bring
together geographically referenced data from a variety of subject matters to aid in
processing, interpretation, and analysis of such data.

3. • Definition of GIS: Geographic Information System (GIS) is
computer-based system used to store and manipulate
geographic information. A widely used definition of GIS is an
organized collection of database, application, hardware,
software, and trained manpower capable of capturing,
manipulating, managing, and analyzing the spatially reference
database and production of output both in tabular and map
form. In a more generic sense, GIS is a tool that allows users to
create interactive queries, analyze the spatial information, and
edit data [6].

4. Major Tasks in GIS: GIS performs major six types of jobs:
•Input: Digitalization from paper map, scanning and vector processing, image classification.
•Manipulation: Before all the information are integrated, they must be transformed into same
scale of resolution.
•Management: The spatial and attribute database
•management.
•Query and viewing: Once the data base is prepared, user can do any query on the data through
GIS, e.g., where is the soil having land type MHL and clay-textured soils.
•Analysis: GIS has many powerful tools to generate what- if scenario. For exam- ple, Does
drought exists in an area? How intensive is it? What is the extent and what will be the crop yield
loss?
•Visualization and printing: Preparation of maps, legends, symbology, and other related
elements, and providing facility to print from printers [1].

5. Applications of GIS: The GIS can be used in the following
fields/disciplines:
1. Agriculture
1. Climatic constraints of growing crops
2. Soil resources availability, assessment,
and planning
3. Potential suitability of crops/cropping
pattern
4. Crop hazard mapping and yield loss
estimation
5. Agro-ecosystem characterization
6. Determining potential area suitable for
crops
7. Extrapolation area delineation of
agricultural technologies
8. Agricultural extension
9. Agricultural research planning
10. Agricultural development planning
11. Crop production planning
1. Natural resources management
1. Water resources management
1. spatial map of soil hydraulic
properties
2. map of groundwater table
depth
3. estimation of crop water
stress and developing water
demand map
4. irrigation scheduling
5. estimating water logging
condition
6. spatially distributed data sets
that can be utilized for better
management of large-scale
irrigation systems and for
supporting decision-making
processes
2. Environmental impact assessment
3. Forest resources management
4. Flood and other natural disaster
mitigation planning
1. Urban and rural planning
1. Planning and zoning
2. Infrastructure planning
3. Land information system
4. Percale mapping
5. Tax assessment based on
present land use

8. • ODK
• Geotageable Photos and GGE