Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: The Basics of Prompt Design"
Pakkiramma Hunasannavar
1. SEMINAR ON
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
Presented by: Pakkiramma B Hunasannavar
Guided by: Pradeep Laxetty Sir
K.L.E Society’s College Of Education Vidyanagar Hubballi.
TOPIC: INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
2. A computer is a machine that
manipulates data according to a set
of instructions. A compute is a
programmable machine that
receives input, stores and provides
output in a useful format, they can
be constructed out of almost
anything.
COMPUTER
3. Charles Babbage, a British Mathematics
professor,, is regarded as the Father of
Computers. He was born in England in
1972 as son of a rich banker from
Devon. He was inspired by Napier’s
logarithm tables and Napier’s logs and
bones. He began to design a “difference
engine” in 1821 which was very large and
complicated machine intended for doing
logarithmic calculations automatically.
Father of Computer
4. There are Five Generations of
computers:-
1.First Generation(1940-1956)
2.Second Generation(1956-1963)
3.Third Generation(1964-1971)
4.Fourth Generation(1971-present)
5.Fifth Generation(today to future)
Generations of Computer
5. Physical setup: they were very large. Machines with hundreds of thousands of vacuum
tubes were built, taking up space of several floors in big building. They weighed about 30
tons.
Technology:
▪ They used punched cards and paper tape for input.
▪ They used magnetic drums for memory and memory size is 2kilobytes of RAM
▪ They used binary number system.
▪ Speed was about 10,000 instruction/sec.
Examples:
▪ ENIAC(1946)-Electronic Numerical integrator and Computer,
▪ EDVAC-Electronic Discrete Variable automatic computer,
▪ UNIVAC(1951)-Universal Automatic Computer
First Generation Computers (1940-1956)
7. Advantages:
▪ It was only electronic device.
▪ First device to hold memory
Disadvantages:
▪ Needed many people to operate due to their large size
▪ They produce a lot of heat and burned out. ex; Vacuum tubes burn frequently.
▪ They consumed a lot of power.
▪ They produced lot of noise and limited primary memory so they very slow.
8. Physical setup: Transistors replaced vacuum tubes, The computers reduced in size as
compared to 1st generation computers.
Technology:
▪ They still use punched cards for input.
▪ 2nd generation computers moved from cryptic binary machine language to symbolic
▪ Memory moved from a magnetic drum to magnetic core technology,
in which hard disk storage was now
available.(see in figure).
▪ Memory size is approximately 32 kilobytes.
▪ Speed was about 30,000 instructions/sec.
Second Generation Computers(1956-1963)
9. Examples: IBM 305 RAMRAC, IBM 1401, CDC 6600
IBM 305 RAMAC IBM 1401 CDC 6600
10. Advantages:
▪ They produce less noise.
▪ They consumed less power as compared to vacuum tubes.
▪ High-level programming languages were also being developed at this time.
Disadvantages:
▪ They over heated quickly.
▪ Maintenance problem.
11. Physical setup: The computers extremely reduced in size. Development of the
integrated circuit was the hallmark of the 3rd generation of computers.
Technology:
▪ The keyboards and monitors replaced punched cards for I/P and O/P.
▪ Memory size expanded to approximately 2 megabytes of RAM.
▪ Speed increased to 5 million instructions per second.
▪ Allowed the device to run many different applications at one time.
Third Generation Computers(1964-1971)
12. Examples: PDP-8, HP-2115, first minicomputers such as IBM 360 and ICL 19000 series.
PDP-8 HP-2115
Advantages:
▪ Integrated circuits are very small in size.
▪ They consumed a lower electric power.
▪ The noise produced by the computers reduced drastically.
▪ Production cost cheap
Disadvantages:
▪ Highly sophisticated technology required for the manufacture if IC chips
▪ Quite delicate in handling as these cannot withstand rough handling or excessive heat.
13. Physical setup: The physical size of computers kept on reducing generation to
generation. And they used Very Large Scale Integrated(VLSI) circuits.
Technology:
▪ Semiconductor memory is replaced by magnetic core memory resulting fast
random access to memory.
▪ Referred as super computers with speed over 100 million instruction/sec
▪ Development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld device.
▪ From the central processing unit and memory to I/P and O/P controls-on a single
chip
Fourth Generation Computers (1971-present)
14. Examples: Xerox Alto(1973), IBM 5100(1975), Apple Macintosh(1984)
Advantages:
▪ Heat generated is negligible.
▪ Easily portable because of their small size.
▪ Much faster in computation than previous generation.
▪ Cheaper among all generation.
Disadvantages:
▪ Highly sophisticated technology required for the manufacture of VLSI chips.
▪ Quite delicate in handling as these cannot withstand rough handling or excessive heat.
15. Physical setup: The physical size of computers in this generation can be
customized to any shape of interest – be it as small as a pen or in the shape of a
human being.
Technology:
▪ The 5th generation of computers will be very powerful, like never before.
▪ Unlimited expanded storage hard disk drivers.
▪ Working memory expanded to more than 20 Gigabytes of RAM.
▪ This technology helped to developed very small but extremely powerful and fast
computers which come to be known as ROBOTS.
Fifth Generation Computer(today to future)
16. Example: Robot, fifth generation language (5GL)
Advantages:
▪ These computers are available in different sizes with different features, with different affordable prices.
▪ Having extra high processing speed.
▪ WIRELESS!!!
Disadvantages:
▪ If computers have their own brain then they can harm the humanity.
▪ Robotics in the 5th generation will cause unemployment as machines take on the jobs people could do.
▪ There are many dangers that are to come with the sophisticated technology.
