classs 6(Landmark integrated social sciences)

3. • The earliest period
in history of
humans, when they
did not know how
to read and write.

4.  Hunter Gatherers
Had to protect themselves from wild beast and
predators.
 nomadic
Lived in caves and primitive huts
Stitched animal hides and barks for clothes.
Used stone tools, sticks and bones.

5. •The main tool used by early Humans were made of
stone. It was used because it was easily available in
nature. It was hard and could be shaped and sharpened
to different shapes and sizes, depending on purpose.
•Due to the predominant use of stone tools, that age had
been termed by archaeologists and historians as Stone
Age.

6. • Stone tools were extremely useful and were
chopped for hunting animals, cutting meat,
chopping trees, scraping skins and barks, and
also for making tools from bones and sticks.
•They were used to clear forests and cut
wood. The timber was used as firewood and
to make houses and implements.

7. 1. Core Tools- were palm sized stones, which
were used for pounding, smashing and
throwing
2. Flake tools- were specifically used for
scrapping and slitting.
3. Blade tools- were the early forms of knives
that we use today.

9. 1.Palaeolithic Age (Old Stone
Age)
2.Mesolithic Age (Middle
Stone Age)
3.Neolithic Age (New Stone
age)

10. The Paleolithic age began around 2
million years ago and ended about
12,000 years ago.
Humans lived in caves near rivers
and lakes.
They hunted wild animals and
gathered wild berries and fruits to
sustain themselves.

11. The Paleolithic age has been
further divided into three
periods-
1.Lower or early Paleolithic.
2.Middle Paleolithic.
3.Upper or late Paleolithic

12. Lower or early Palaeolithic
•The lower Paleolithic coincides
with the first appearance of stone
tools
•The climate during this era was
extremely cold and many parts
were covered with ice. Hence this
period is also called the Ice Age.

13. Middle Palaeolithic
•The main tools used were scrapers and
borers.
•They began to live in groups or tribes,
developed cultural forms such as cave
paintings, and rock art
•Began the practice of burying dead.

14. Upper or late Palaeolithic
•Last phase of Ice Age
•Climate became warmer
•Common tools were blades and
burins, along with advanced darts
and fishing hooks.

16. The Mesolithic Age
 It began around 12,000 years ago till about
10,000 years ago.
 They continued to live as hunter gatherers.
 The climate became warm and dry.
 They used more pointed tools called
Microliths, which was fitted onto a spear or
used as a barb on an arrow.

17. •It began around 10,000 years ago till about 4,000
years ago.
•In Neolithic Age, the life of early humans changed
completely.
•They began to cultivate crops and domesticate
animals.
•During this period, humans began to live in
settlements.
•All of these developments are referred to as the
Neolithic Revolution.

18.  the pre historic humans lived in Natural
caves and rock shelters.
They often decorated these rocks and caves
with beautiful paintings and engravings.
Most of paintings represent different
activities of their life such as hunting, tribal
rituals and ceremonies.