Use of PLC and microcontrollers in car park barriers

1. PRESENTATION ON
CAR PARK BARRIERS (CPB)
SUBJECT - MECHATRONICS
BRANCH - CAD-CAM & ROBOTICS
PRESENTED BY
PAWAR RAHUL SURESH (1605011)
&
REGE PRATHAMESH MILIND (1605012)

2. TOPICS
 WHAT ARE CAR PARK BARRIERS?
 DESIGN & OPERATION
 DESIGN BY FIRST APPROACH
 DESIGN BY SECOND APPROACH
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

3. WHAT ARE CARK PARK
BARRIERS ?

4.  IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS BOOM BARRIERS.
 IT IS A BAR PIVOTED TO ALLOW THE BOOM TO BLOCK VEHICULAR ACCESS
THROUGH A CONTROLLED POINT.
 THEY CAN PAIRED AS 2Q OR 4Q.
 TYPICALLY THE TIP OF A BOOM GATE RISES IN A VERTICAL ARC TO A NEAR
VERTICAL POSITION.
 BOOM GATES ARE OFTEN COUNTERWEIGHTED, SO THE POLE IS EASILY TIPPED.
 THE MOST COMMON TECHNOLOGY USED IN MAKING CPB IS ELECTRO-
MECHANICAL, FOR ITS RELIABILITY.
 THEY COME WITH 24 VDC DRIVE AND CAN RUN CONTINUOSLY FOR DAYS.

5. CONTD.
AN AUTOMATIC BOOM BARRIER CAN BE OPERATED THROUGH:
 PUSH BUTTON
 REMOTE CONTROL
 RFID TAGS / RFID READER
 LOOP DETECTORS
 ANY THIRD PARTY ACCESS CONTROL DEVICE

6. DESIGN & OPERATION

7. TWO APPROACHES EXPLORED TO ACHIEVE THE DESIRED
OBJECTIVE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND DEPLOYMENT OF
THE BARRIER WERE:
 IN THE FIRST APPROACH, THE DESIGN INVOLVED USE OF
PROGRAMMABLE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (PIC) FOR CONTROL;
MAGNETIC CARD ENCODER/READER AND INFRA-RED SENSORS FOR
GAINING ACCESS AND ANOTHER IC TO INTERFACE MOTOR ARMS
TO PIC.
 IN THE SECOND APPROACH, INDOOR PUSH BUTTONS AND GANG OF
RELAY WERE USED IN THE DESIGN TO REALIZE THE DESIGN
OBJECTIVE.

8. CONTD.
COMMON COMPONENTS IN BOTH APPROACHES ARE:
 POWER SUPPLY
 4 12V DC MOTORS
 4 ALUMINUM BARS (500X5X2.5 MM)

9. POWER SUPPLY UNIT
SOURCE(http://www.ijetae.com/)

10. GATE BARRIER UNIT
 IT COMPRISES OF 12V DC MOTORS AND ALUMINUM BARS.
 THE SPAN OF ENTRY IS DIVIDED INTO TWO HALVES.
 EACH HALVE HAS AN AL BAR CONNECTED TO DC MOTOR.
 RATING OF DC MOTOR IS, IN GENERAL, 1/4HP,12V, 0.3A.
 THE DC MOTOR ARMS WERE INTERFACED WITH THE MICROCONTROLLER VIA AN
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT ULN2003A SINCE
i. DIRECT CONNECTION TO THE MICROCONTROLLER IS NOT POSSIBLE IN THE
FIRST DESIGN APPROACH WHILE IN THE SECOND CASE.
ii. THERE IS NO NEED OF USING SUCH IC TO INTERFACE WITH THE RELAY GANG.

11. DESIGN BY FIRST
APPROACH

12. DESIGN USING PIC18F412
SOURCE(http://www.ijetae.com/)

13. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
SOURCE(http://www.ijetae.com/)

14. CONTD.
 IT EMPLOYS MAGNETIC CARD READER AT IN-GATE.
 WHEN A CAR APPROACHES THE IN-GATE, AN
ENCODED MAGNETIC CARD IS SWIPED ACROSS THE
MAGNETIC CARD READER WHICH IS CONNECTED TO THE
MICROCONTROLLER.
 THE MICROCONTROLLER THEN PROCESSES THE DATA SENT.
 IF THE DATA IS FOUND VALID, THE GATE OPENS.
 THERE IS AN INFRA-RED SENSOR ARRANGEMENT THAT BEAMS SIGNAL
BETWEEN A PAIR OF TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER ACROSS THE
PASSAGE.
 THE GATE REMAINS OPEN UNTIL THE ENTERING CAR CROSSED AND
BLOCKS THE BLINKING INFRA-RED BEAM.

15. CONTD.
 AT THE OUT-GATE, THE CONTROL MECHANISM CONSISTS OF TWO PAIRS
OF INFRA-RED SENSORS ARRANGEMENT.
 WHEN A CAR ARRIVES AT THE PASSAGEWAY, IT BLOCKS A BLINKING
INFRA-RED BEAM.
 THIS BREAK IN THE INFRA-RED BEAM IS DETECTED BY THE
MICROCONTROLLER.
 UNDER THE COMMAND OF THE MICROCONTROLLER, THE ACTUATOR
(DC MOTOR ARMS) IS ENERGIZED TO OPEN THE GATE
 IT REMAINS OPEN UNTIL THE SECOND SENSOR ARRANGEMENT ON THE
OTHER SIDE OF THE GATE IS CROSSED.

16. DESIGN BY SECOND
APPROACH

17.  THE BARRIER SYSTEM EMPLOYED IN-DOOR PUSH BUTTONS TO
CONTROL ACCESS AT THE TWO ENTRANCES.
 THE LOGIC IS PROVIDED BY A BANK OF FOUR ELECTRIC RELAYS,
WORKING IN PAIR FOR OPENING (RL1 AND RL2) AND CLOSING (RL3 AND
RL4) OF THE BARRIER SYSTEM.
 WHEN A CAR APPROACHES THE IN-GATE, THE OPERATOR CHECKED THE
STATUS OF THE APPROACHING CAR WHETHER IT BELONGS TO STAFF OR
NOT.
 AFTER CONFIRMING THIS PB1 BUTTON WOULD BE PRESSED TO OPEN
THE GATE FOR THE CAR TO GAIN ENTRANCE.
 THE BARRIER REMAINS IN THAT POSITION UNTIL THE RETURN BUTTON
PB2 IS PRESSED TO CLOSE THE BARRIER.
 AT THE OUT-GATE TWO INDOOR BUTTONS (PB1 AND PB2) ARE
PROVIDED TO CONTROL EXIT OUT OF THE PARK WITH AN OFFICER IN
POSITION TO OPERATE THE BUTTONS AS APPROPRIATE.
 A TOTAL OF 8 RELAYS ARE USED(4 FOR EACH GATE).

18. TRUTH TABLE FOR RELAYS R1-R4
SOURCE(http://www.ijetae.com/)

19. CONCLUSION
 It gives value to the job of officers manning the gate and enhances their
performances.
 Also, when deployed in a car park it can reduces the required number of
officers manning a gate thereby creating room for better and efficient
utilization of available workforce to an organization.
 Lastly, the automated barrier system is not difficult to construct and the
components/modules are readily available in the market.
 Field deployment only requires a bigger motor that has gear to effectively
and efficiently hold firm the bar that constitute the physical barrier.

20. REFERENCES
 AMUSA K. A., NUGA O. O., ADETOMI A. A. (2012) “DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
OF AUTOMATED BARRIER FOR CAR PARK GATES,” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY AND ADVANCED ENGINEERING.
 MARTINS BATES (2006), INTERFACING PIC MICROCONTROLLERS EMBEDDED
DESIGN BY INTERACTIVE SIMULATION.