Powering green ICT and smartphones

1. (An autonomous institution with A Grade by NAAC /UGC, Affiliated to Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belgaum, Approved by UGC/AICTE/Govt. of Karnataka)
Yelahanka, Bengaluru-560064
Department of Information Science and Engineering
GIT(CASE STUDY) REPORT
On
Powering Green ICT and Smartphones
Submitted by
NAME: N ADITYA NAYAK USN: 1NT17IS099
NAME: PAWAN KUMAR USN: 1NT17IS121
NAME: SACHIN SOMMANNA USN: 1NT17IS144
NAME: SAGAR NEPUNE USN: 1NT17IS145
in partial fulfillment requirement of
8th
Semester GIT Case Study
Section:B
Academic Year 2020-21

2. Nitte Meenakshi Institute of
Technology
(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION AFFILIATED TO VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELGAUM)
PB No. 6429, Yelahanka, Bangalore560-064, Karnataka
Telephone: 080- 22167800, 22167860
Fax: 080 – 22167805
Department of Information Science and Engineering
CERTIFICATE
Certified that the GIT Case Study titled ‘Powering green ICT and smartphones’ is
completed by 1)N ADITYA NAYAK (1NT17IS099), 2)PAWAN KUMAR (1NT17IS121),
3)SACHIN SOMMANNA (1NT17IS144), 4)SAGAR NEPUNE (1NT17IS145), who is
bonafide students of NMIT, Bangalore, as a partial fulfillment of the curriculum
requirement of 8th
semester GIT Case Study during the academic year 2020-2021. It
is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for the internal Assessment
have been incorporated in the report deposited in the departmental. The report has
been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in all respect of the work
prescribed by theinstitution.
Signature of Head of Department
Dept. of ISE, NMIT

3. TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Acknowledgement 04
2. Abstract 05
3. Introduction 06
4. What is ICT? 07
5. Why greenICT? 08
6. Components of ICT 09
7. RealaccessofICT 10
8. Evolution of ICT model 11
9. GreenICT 12
10. Energyconsumption and life cycle of
devices in ICT
13
11. A Smart Phone Uses as Much
Energy as a Refrigerator?
14
12. Smarterdevices – more energy
demand
15
13. Greenenergyfrom manufacturing
to data Centre’s
16
14. Advantages ofgreen ICT 17
15. DisadvantagesofgreenICT 18
16. References 19

4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction and euphoria that accompanies the successfulcompletion of any task is
incomplete without the mention of the people whose encouragement and support
made it possible and whose constant encouragement and guidance has been a source
of inspiration throughout the course of the project.
We thank Dr. Sanjay H A, HOD Department of Information Science and Engineering,
NMIT for his advice and guiding us throughout the development phase by sharing his
knowledge and also for his patience and encouragement.
We express our sincere gratitude to Ranijta K , Assoc.Prof, Department of Information
Science and Engineering, NMIT for her guidance, for being a very approachable and
sharing valuable insights in the relevance of the study and for enlightening us with
various technical aspects.
We would like to thank all the teaching and non-teaching staff of Department of
Information Science and Engineering, NMIT for their fruitful interaction and facilities.
We would also like to thank our friends and family for supporting us throughout the
development process of the project, irrespective of the time of the day.
Thankyou,

5. ABSTRACT
The tremendous growth in technology is also causing global warming due to harmful
greenhouse gas emissions. The Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
sector is one of the fastest growing, having the greatest impact on almost every other
technology. Energy efficiency and reduction in global warming is now a desire and
realization by all key players associated with this technology. Not only there is scope for
energy efficiency in ICTs itself but it can also help other sectors in becoming smart i.e.,
energy efficient. Smart buildings, smart motors, smart logistics and smart grids are
being realized with the incorporation of information and communication technologies.
The ICT industry is equally aware of the potential benefits of renewable energy sources
(RES) in making the future systems greener and sustainable. This is quite evident from
the research that is going on towards sustainable ICT solutions, as reviewed in this
paper. Not only renewable energy is applicable to large scale applications like telecom
base stations (BS), it is also applicable to small and medium scale systems and devices
like computer peripherals and electric vehicles. In order to explore the evident potential
of RES, all aspects of renewable energy are being addressed by the researchers. These
aspects can broadly be categorized as generation, distribution, management and most
significantly application of renewable energy. This paper takes a broader look at both
aspects in which ICTs are making our world eco-sustainable i.e., making other
technologies smarter and incorporating renewable energy sources wherever possible.

6. INTRODUCTION
Almost all businesses, organizations and governments today have Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) at their core. ICT enables day-to-day operations as
well as assessing whathas passed and planning ahead. However, ICTprofessionals aside
perhaps, there is often little understanding of the technology and little appreciation of
the link to sustainability and the impact ICT is having on the environment.
The coverage of this chapter is intended for an audience with no detailed knowledge of
the various ICT specialisms, providing a broad, but high-level presentation of ICT, and
discusses the various links to sustainability that are firmly established.
The discussion starts with the rapid developments since computers first were invented
and then moves to energy demands that are being placed as a result of technology
proliferations. We then introduce the term Green ICT, report on metrics enabling the
measurement of energy consumption and discuss efforts underway to curtail energy
consumption, with a focus on data Centre’s. A view from a number of European
countries is then presented, looking at how governments are addressing the issues and
the barriers that are still in place for a country-wide sustainability drive in ICT. The
construction project management sector is one that relies heavily on ICT services, and a
brief discussion at the end presents additional issues for the project manager to
consider.

7. What is ICT?
Information and communications technology (ICT) is an extensional term for
information technology (IT) which refers to the role of unified communications and the
integration of telecommunications, such as telephone lines, wireless signals,
and computers as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage and
audio-visualthat enable users to access, store transmit and manipulate information in a
digital form.
To define professional skill levels for its ICT professional education products,
 The IEEE Computer Society has adopted the Skills Framework for the Information
Age (SFIA).
 The value of ICT strategies to bridge the digital divide and as a powerful tool for
economic and social development around the world should not be underestimated
in agricultural and related sectors.
 Improving the extension of ICT services to farmers would effectively improve the
transmission of global open data for agriculture and nutrition to develop sensible
solutions addressing food security, nutrition, and sustainable agriculture issues.

8. Why Green ICT ?
 As we are familiar that plastic is a hazardous material, but the electronic wastes
(E-Waste ) is more hazardous than the plastic.
 The development and fabrication of an electronic device, we use different kind of
material such as arsenic, antimony, lead , cadmium etc.
 The U.S. generates more than 2 million tons of e-waste annually, and nearly 90
percent of that ends up in landfills.
 Disposal of such materials causes harm to the nature and environment that’s the
main reason of green computing establishments.

9. Components of ICT
There are the following components of information and communication
technology.

10. Real access to ICT
Devices and conduits are the most common descriptors for access to ICTs, but
they are insufficient for meaningful access to ICTs without a third access literacy
model. Combined, these three models roughly incorporate all twelve of the criteria
of "Real Access" to ICT use, conceptualized by a non-profit organization called
Bridges.org in 2005.
 Physical access to technology
 Appropriateness of technology
 Affordability of technology and technology use
 Human capacity and training
 Locally relevant content, applications, and services
 Integration into daily routines
 Socio-cultural factors
 Trust in technology
 Local economic environment
 Macro-economic environment
 Legal and regulatory framework
 Political will and public support

11. Evolution of the ICT model
Information Technology (IT) infrastructure has evolved both conceptually and
practically over the past sixty years. ICT is a slightly wider term as it also encompasses
technologies used in communication between devices. For the purposes of this chapter,
ITand ICT can be used interchangeably and the ICT landscape today is varied, offering a
mix of infrastructure, equipment and devices that enable a wide range of software and
applications.
The early days of ICT were characterized by one dominant central machine, the
mainframe serving several users, and most of the computing power and energy
consumption was concentrated in that single machine. Nowadays there many different
options for where the actual processing can take place. At the one end of the spectrum
we have microcontrollers that are embedded in other devices such as washing
machines or cars, performing limited processing tasks.
Then we have processors which are used in everyday PCs, laptops, tablets and
smartphones, and at the high end there are the very powerful processors that are at
the heart of servers in the Cloud and supercomputers. A widely used textbook identifies
five eras so far (Laudon and Laudon, 2016) that are characterized by the domination of
1) the mainframe, 2) personal computer, 3) client-server, 4) enterprise computing and
5) Cloud and mobile computing. A sixth era is on its way, having further dramatic
impact, with the rapid expansion of the Internet of Things and the concept of edge
computing, where processing is pushed away from the Centre to the end points in the
network.

12. Green ICT
The evolution of such a diverse ICT landscape is enabled by continuous advances in
underlying technologies as well as the wide adoption of applications that rely on the
various infrastructures mentioned above into most aspects of our daily lives, from
business to government, to health, to transport and to entertainment. Within that
context, today’s world is one where energy is being consumed almost everywhere, be it
in processing and transmission of data or the display of results. Furthermore,
equipment and devices are being replaced at a very fast pace.
Green ICT is an umbrella term for agendas and solutions promoting the reduction of
greenhouse gas emissions within the context of ICTs. These gases are predominantly a
by-product of fossil-fuel burning in power-plants that generate energy (British
Geological Society, n.d.). There are two aspects to consider. First, Greening ICT refers to
the reduction of energy consumption in ICT applications and that can be provided by
efficiencies of newer technologies and computing models such as Cloud computing,
which will be elaborated in the next section. Recent developments also refer to
sustainable software development addressing issues in the software development life
cycle itself (Penzestadler, 2015). Second, Greening through ICT is the leveraging of such
technologies to provide desired effects in other sectors such as video-conferencing
facilities that can eliminate the need for travel. There are several stakeholders that can
be identified within Green ICT and Greening ICT. Academia and non-governmental
bodies such as the International Standardization Organization (ISO) and the ITU have
the relevant knowledge and can develop relevant standards.

13. Energy consumption and life cycle of devices in ICT
When laptops or smartphones are in use, these devices consume energy, even in
standby mode. The average laptop consumes about 150 Watts from the wall socket,
and higher specification devices could consume twice that. As for the smartphone,
typical consumption is about a single Watt, although that is dependent on which
feature is currently in use; the bulk is used up by the module enabling the phone calls
and screen display (Caroll and Heiser, 2010). CGI, the Canadian IT services provider,
maintain that these are low numbers in comparison to other household energy needs
and leaving such a device continuously on will have a limited impact on the electric bill
of the average household appliances (CGI, n.d.). However, in a business environment
whereseveral hundred devices are in use, costs add up, leaving room for real savings to
be made with the adoption of Green.
A

14. Smart Phone Uses as Much Energy as a Refrigerator?
When you plug your smart phone into the wall, it draws a negligible amount of energy
compared with other household electronics such as your set-top box or refrigerator.
But add in the amount of electricity it takes to move data across networks to deliver a
total of, say, an hour of video to your smart phone or tablet each week, and over a year
it adds up to more power than two new Energy Star refrigerators consume in a year.
And though phones and other electronics and appliances are becoming ever more
efficient, that efficiency does not offset the proliferation of these devices around the
world.

15. Smarter devices – more energy demand
The majority of ICT’s energy impact and smartphone products comes from
manufacturing and extracting the materials they require. A small share of the impact
comes from using the devices, but when it comes to smartphones and other devices
connected to the internet, the impact is increasingly shifting towards data transmission.
Increased data transmission speeds requirecontinuous updates of the physical network
infrastructure, which again requires more energy and natural resources. Additionally,
data Centre’s, where user data or content provider data is stored, use ever more
electricity. If left unchecked, servers and data Centre’s could represent 45% of ICT
emissions by 2020.
By contrast, smartphones and ICT can also help to save energy in other sectors, for
example in smart technologies that allow for real-time monitoring of energy
consumption and balancing supply and demand on the grid. ICT can also help reduce
travel emissions by enabling virtual meetings. Therefore, strategic action is required to
keep the ICT sector’s own energy demand in check whilst making sure it contributes to
energy efficiency and energy reduction in other sectors.

16. Green energy from manufacturing to data centres
Data centers, which have been criticized for their extraordinarily high energy demand,
are a primary focus for proponents of green computing. Data centers can potentially
improve their energy and space efficiency through techniques such as storage
consolidation and virtualization. Many organizations are starting to eliminate
underutilized servers, which results in lower energy usage. The U.S. federal government
has set a minimum 10% reduction target for data center energy usage by 2011.With the
aid of a self-styled ultraefficient evaporative cooling technology, Google Inc. has been
able to reduce its energy consumption to 50% of that of the industry average.
 Operating system support
 Power supply
 Storage
 Video card
 Telecommuting
 Telecommunication network devices energy indices
 Supercomputers

17. Advantages of green ICT
 Reduces the amount of pollutants in the surroundings.
 It reduces the amount of heat produced from the electronic devices.
 It encourages the use of renewable resources.
 It promotes effective utilization of natural resources.
 It reduces the risk existing in PC’s due to chemicals that cause nerve
damage in humans.

18. Disadvantages of green ICT
 Green computing could actually be quite costly. The greenest modern computers
today are Mac books which areexpensive enough.
 Green computers may be considerably underpowered.
 Not fascinating for children.
 Rapid technology change.

19. REFERENCES
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_computing
 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050915032718
 https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/green-ict-organizational-
implementations-workplace/12502
 https://www.riverpublishers.com/book_details.php?book_id=59
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307586636_Green_ICT_Research_an
d_Challenges