This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the bones, joints, and muscles of the lower limb. It discusses the key regions and components, including the pelvic girdle, femur, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, and bones of the foot and ankle. The major joints covered are the hip, knee, tibiofibular, and ankle joints. Finally, the document outlines the major muscle groups of the gluteal region, thigh, leg, and foot.

1. Anatomy practical 3
(Anatomy of Bones, Joints & Muscles of lower limb)
By :
Saeed Saleh Aziz

2. The lower limp have 6 major regions :
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)Anatomy of Bones, Joints & Muscles of lower limb (

3. •
)Anatomy of Bones, Joints & Muscles of lower limb (

4. Bones

5. Anatomy of Bones )pelvic girdle )
Structure :
1-The pelvic is bony ring composed of the sacrum and right and lift hip bones joined anteriorly at the pubic symphysis .
2 - The pelvic girdle attaches the the free lower limp to the axial skeleton , the sacrum being common to the axial skeleton and the belvic girdle .
Joint :
-Sacroiliac joint .
- hip (coxal ) joint .
-Pelvic joint ( symphysis pubis joint )
Function :
1 - The pelvic girdle also makes up the skeleton of the lower part of the trunk .
2 - protective and supportive functions serve the abdomen pelvis and perineum as well as the lower limp .
.

6. Type :
large Flat bone .
Structure :
Formed by fusion of the ilium , pubis ,and ischium in the acetabulum . Articulate with sacrum at sacroiliac joint .
Joint :
-hip (coxal ) joint .
-Pelvic joint ( symphysis pubis joint )
-Sacroiliac joint .
Anatomy of Bones )Hip Bone)

7. ( thigh bone )
Is the longest and the
strongest bone of the body .
Type :
Long bone .
Joint :
-Hip joint .
-Patello-femoral joint .
-Knee joint.
Connect the head
to the body (shaft)
forms angle about
125 degree .
Anatomy of Bones )Femur)

8. Covering by common Quadriceps tendons
Type :
Largest sesamoid bone.
Joint :
Patello-femoral joint .
Patellar tendon
Anatomy of Bones (Patella)

9. The Tibia is the Medial bone of the leg
Type :
Long bone.
Joint :
-Knee joint .
-Proximal tibiofibular joint .
- distal tibiofibular joint .
-Ankle joint .
tibia
Anatomy of Bones (Tibia)

10. The Tibia is the Latral bone of the leg
Type :
Long bone.
Joint :
-Proximal tibiofibular joint .
- distal tibiofibular joint .
-Ankle joint .
Anatomy of Bones (Fibula)

11. Tarsus is seven tarsal bone
Type of Tarsal :
Short bone.
Anatomy of Bones (Foot & Ankle : Tarsus)

12. Type of Metatarsal and phalanges :
Long bone.
Anatomy of Bones (Foot & Ankle)

13. Joints

14. Articulation :
Between the Acetabulum of the hip to the femoral head .
Type :
Multiaxial ball-and-socket synovial joint.
Ligament :
Anteriorly iliofemoral ligament
Posteriorly ischiofemoral ligament
Inferiorly Pubofemiral ligament
Nerve supply :
Branch of femoral , obturator , sciatic , superior gluteal
and quadratus femoris nerves.
Movements :
-Abduction , adduction , flexion , extension ,
circumduction , and rotation
Anatomy of Joints (Hip {coxal} joint)

15. Articulation :
Between two condyles of the femur and tibia.
Type :
Condylar synovial joint.
Ligament :
1- Intracapsular ligament :
Anterior cruciate ligament , Posterior cruciate ligament ,Medial meniscus
, lateral meniscus . Transverse ligament .
2- Extracapsular ligament :
Medial (Tibial) collateral ligament . Lateral (Fibular) collateral ligament ,
Patellar ligament , arcuate popliteal ligament , oblique popliteal ligament ,
popliteus tendon
Nerve supply :
femoral , obturator , sciatic nerves.
Movements :
- flexion , extension ,some gliding and rotation in the flexed position of
the knee .
Patello-femoral join
Saddle synovial joint between the femur and patella
Covering by common Quadriceps tendons
Anatomy of Joints (Knee joint)

16. Patellar ligament
Patello-femoral join
Saddle synovial joint between the femur and patella
Covering by common Quadriceps tendons
common Quadriceps tendons
Medial part of Knee have :
SGS ligament of ( Sartorius , Gracilis ,
Semitendinosus ) insertion in the upper medial part
of tibia .
Anatomy of Joints (Knee joint)

17. Proximal tibiofibular joint :
Plane synovial joint between the head of the fibula and tibia .
Allows a little gliding movement .
Distal tibiofibular joint :
Fibrous joint between the tibia and the fibula .
Anatomy of Joints (Tibiofibular joint)

18. Articulation :
Between the tibia and the fibula superiorly and the talus inferiorly .
Type :
Hinge synovial joint.
Ligament :
Medial deltoid ligament
Lateral ligament
Nerve supply :
Tibial nerve.
Movements :
- Dorsiflexion
- Planter flexion .
Anatomy of Joints (Ankle Talocrural joint)

19. Muscles

20. Gluteus maximus
Tensor fasciae latae Iliotibial tract
Attach in front lateral tibia
Anatomy of Muscles (Muscles of the Gluteal region)

21. Anatomy of Muscles (Muscles of the Gluteal region)
Piriformis
Separate : ( greater sciatic foramen )
Superior gluteal nerve and vessels
Inferior gluteal nerve and vessels
Posterior continuous nerve of the thigh
Sciatic nerve
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Quadratus femoris

22. Anatomy of Muscles (Muscles of the Gluteal region)

23. Anatomy of Muscles (Posterior muscles of the Thigh)
Origin :
all muscles of the posterior thigh come from ischial
tuberosity
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Above the Semimembranosus .
The tendon in the lower half
Under the Semitendinosus .
The membranous in the upper half
Biceps femoris
Long head of
Biceps femoris
from ischial
tuberosity
Short head of Biceps
femoris from linea
aspera

24. Anatomy of Muscles (Posterior muscles of the Thigh)

25. Anatomy of Muscle (Anterior muscles of the Thigh)
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius :
‫تحت‬ ‫تكون‬(Rectus femoris)
Under Rectus femoris .
Iliacus
Femoral triangle :
Contain femoral nerve ( Femoral nerve supply
all Anterior Muscles of the thigh ) .

26. Anatomy of Muscle (Anterior muscles of the Thigh)

27. Anatomy of Muscle (Medial muscles of the Thigh)

28. Anatomy of Muscle (Medial muscles of the Thigh)

29. Anatomy of Muscle (Anterior & Lateral muscles of the Thigh)
Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
‫تحت‬ ‫تكون‬(Peroneus longus)
Under the Peroneus longus

30. Anatomy of Muscle (Anterior & Lateral muscles of the Thigh)

31. Anatomy of Muscle (Posterior muscles of the Leg)
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
plantar aponeurosis

32. Anatomy of Muscle (Posterior muscles of the Leg)