#feedmanufacturig

2. Current issues and challenges in
Feed Manufacturing Technology
Muhammad Iqbal
2011-PhD-2009

3. Importance
Feed requirements for optimum performance
 Genetic improvements
 Environmental impact
 Early weaning diets

4. Types of Feed
Mash
Pellet
TMR
Pellet Advantages:
• Decreased feed wastage
• Reduced selective feeding
• Decreased ingredient segregation
• Destruction of pathogenic organisms
• Thermal modification of starch and protein
• Improved palatability

5. Feed processing
1. Raw material storage
2. Grinding
3. Weighing
4. Mixing
5. Liquid material addition
6. Conditioning
7. Pelleting
8. Cooling
9. Sieving
10. Packing and storage

6. Grinding

7. Mixing
Homogenous blend
Types of Mixer
o Paddles
o Agitators
o Ribbon

8. Ribbon MixerPaddle Mixer

9. Pelleting

10. Current Issues
1) Ingredient availability and prices
2) Fuel prices
3) Grain particle size and its effect on animal
performance
4) Feed (nutrient) uniformity and its effect on animal
performance
5) Toxins
6) Pellet quality issues
Additionally
In-line pellet moisture
Quality control
Hygienic treatment of finished feeds
Odor control
Liquid ingredients addition

11. Raw Materials
• Availability
• Seasonal
• Price
• Quality inconsistency
• Environment

12. Toxins
• Anti-nutritional factors
• Toxic metabolites
– From ingredients
– Due to storage
Effect
o Animal Health
o Human health (M1 in milk)

13. Grain Particle size
> surface area
 Improve rate of digestion
 Increase fermentation rate
 Improve performance
 Decrease segregation and mixing problems
 Facilitate pelleting
 Development of ulcer
Optimum particle size of ground grain 4 - 4.8 mm
( 800-1000 μ)

14. Mixing ( Feed uniformity )
Most critical and essential operations
Factors
1). Mixing time 2). Diet uniformity 3). ingredient segregation
Reduce
• Nutrient uniformity
• Animal performance
Coefficient of variation (CV) of less than 10%

15. Pellet Quality
• Fines vs. Pellet
• High shear conditioning
• Amount of recycled material(cost)
• Pellet Hardness
Factors effecting pellet Quality
Formulation (40%)
Grind (20%)
Conditioning (20%)
Die selection (15%)
Cooling/drying (5%).

16. Refrences
• Behnke, K.C. 1994. Factors affecting pellet quality. Proc.
Maryland Nutrition 46 Feed Manufacturing Technology
Conference. Dept. of Poultry Science and Animal Science,
College of Agriculture, Univ. of Maryland, College Park.
• Beumer, I.H. 1991. Quality assurance as a tool to reduce
losses in animal feed production. Adv. Feed Technol. 6:6-23.
• Cabrera, M.R., Hancock, J.D., Behnke, K.C., Bramel-Cox, P.J.,
and Hines, R.H. 1993. Sorghum genotype and particle size
affect growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and
stomach morphology in finishing pigs. Swine Day Report-
93, Kansas St. University, Manhattan. p 129.

17. Research Plan
Comparison of Rice polish, Molasses and
Commercial Pellet Binder on Pellet quality