This document discusses feed formulation strategies and methods. It introduces feed formulation strategies such as diet selection, waste estimation, ration allowance, and feeding strategies. It then describes two methods for feed formulation - Pearson's Square Method and Trial and Error Method. Pearson's Square Method can be used to balance feeds for two or more ingredients based on a single nutrient like crude protein. The document provides an example of using Pearson's Square to create a feed with 40% crude protein. The Trial and Error Method is demonstrated by creating a feed containing 25-30% crude protein through calculating the crude protein contributions of different ingredients.

1. Feed Formulation Strategies And
Methods
Submitted by Amit kumar Jana
M.F.Sc. 4th sem.
Dept. of Zoology And Applied Aquaculture

2. Synopsis:-
• Introduction
• Feed formulation strategies
1. Diet selection
2. Waste estimation
3. Ration allowance
4. Feeding strategies
• Methods
• (a) Pearson’s Square Method.
• (b)Trial and Error Method.

3. Introduction
Fish food consist of natural food and artificial feed.
Single feed ingredients may be fed to fish to
supplement available natural food in a pond.
However ,combining ingredients may make better
quality supplemental feed. Fish would grow well on
a feed containing 20 to 30% crude protein ,of which
7 to 10% of the protein is from animal source. When
natural food is abundant and fish are stocked at low
densities,a 20 to 25% protein content is suitable. A
30% or more crude protein content is more suitable
for fish are stoked at high densities.

4. Feed formulation strategies
1. Feed ingredients selection
2. Waste estimation
3. Ration allowance
4. Feeding strategies

5. Pearson’s Square Method.
• The simplest method to calculate the ration, It can
be used for 2 and more ingredients.
• It can be balanced only one nutrient (make your
choice for crude protein or crude fat).
• Always keep in mind the nutrient value of the
ingredients.
• if we have more than 2 ingredients.

6. Pearson Square
• We have a solution…
• Reach 40% crude protein using fish meal, corn
gluten meal, wheat meal and soybean meal.
• The crude protein % of ingredients:
• Fish meal: 65%
• Corn gluten meal: 38%
• Soybean meal: 42%
• Wheat meal: 17%

7. Pearson Square
• The solution is to make two groups into the
ingredients.
• First group will be consisted of fish meal and
soybean meal.
• Second group will be consisted of corn gluten
meal and wheat meal.

8. calculation
• First group average: (65 + 42) / 2 = 53,5
• Second group average: (38 + 17) / 2 = 27,5
• Group one 53,5 12,5
40
• Group two 27,5 + 13,5
• --------
26

9. calculation
• % of group one: (100 x 12,5) / 26 = 48,07
• % of group two: (100 x 13,5) / 26 = 51,92
• 1st group’s ingredients %: 48,07 / 2 = 24,035
• 2nd group’s ingredients %: 51,92 / 2 = 25,96

10. Calculation 40% crude Protein
• % of Fish meal: 65 x 24,35% = 15,83
• % of Soybean meal: 42 x 24,35% = 10,23
• % of Corn gluten meal: 38 x 25,96% = 9,86
• % of Wheat meal: 17 x 25,96% = 4,41
• Total = 40,33

11. Trial and Error Method
To choose a combination of ingredients that will
provide a feed containing between 25 to 30%
crude protein.
Ingredient Amount of ingredient
(Kg)
%of Protein
Rice Bran 40 9.9
Brewer Waste 20 22.8
Soyabean Meal 28 46.2
Fish Meal 12 57.7
Total 100

12. Calculation
• To calculate the required % CP in feed.
Rice bran- 40*9.9/100=3.96(4.0)
Brewer waste -20*22.8/100=4.56
Soyabean meal-28*46.2/100=12.93
Fish meal -12*57.7/100=6.92
Total Crude Protein=28.4

13. Calculation
This feed would contain 28.4kg of crude
protein if 100kg of the listed ingredients were
combined as indicated.This would make a feed
containing approximately 28% crude protein
by weight scince.28.4kg*100kg/100=28.4%
Protein containt.

14. Conclusion
• Natural food organisms (Phytoplankton ,
zooplankton,insects,crustaceans,copepods and
molluscs) in water will provide essential nutrients
but in the conditions (in sufficient of natural
foods, high stocking density, promote faster
growth) use artificial food.In the use of
supplementary feed based on strategies.
Hammer Mill

15. Thank You