This document discusses the muscles of the foot and their functions. It describes two types of foot muscles - intrinsic muscles contained fully within the foot, and extrinsic muscles that originate in the lower leg. Various foot movements are defined, such as inversion, eversion, adduction, and abduction. The muscles responsible for each movement are identified. Loads on the foot during walking and running are also covered, noting how forces can range from 1.6 to 2.8 times body weight depending on speed. Foot architecture and conditions like flat or high arches can influence how load is distributed across the foot.

1. IN THE NAME OF ALLAHA THE MOST BENEFICIENT AND THE MERCIFULL

2. NAME : SADIA ASLAM
ROLL NO: 1021
SEMESTER : 6TH
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE UNIVERSITY FAISALABAD

3. TOPIC OF PRESENTATION
MOVEMENT OF FOOT
LOADS ON THE FOOT

4. MUSCLES OF THE FOOT

5. Two types of muscles:
 INTRINSIC
 EXTRINSIC

6.  Fully contained in foot
 INTRINSIC MUSCLES
 Both origin and insertion at foot
 Arranged in layers Support Arches

7. EXTRINSIC MUSCLES :
 Originate from lower leg and end
on foot
 Anterior
 Posterior
 Lateral
 Medial

8. Inversion:
 Rotational movement of foot in medial direction is
inversion
 Sole of the foot turning inward toward midline of
the body.
Frontal plane
 Frontal plane

9. Invertor muscles
Tibialis anterior muscles
Tibialis posterior muscles
 Transverse tarsal joint

10. Evertor muscles :
 Proneus longus
 Proneus brevis
Proneus longus Proneus brevis with long tendon occuring
around lateral malleolus.
 Proneus tertieus
Assist eversion

11. Eversion of the foot
 Rotational movement of foot in lateral direction.
 Tilting of the sole of your foot outwards, away from
the midline of the body during movement.
 Frontal plane

12. Subtalar joint :
 articulation between two of the tarsal bones in
the foot: the talus and calcaneus.

13. Adduction of foot:
 Horizontal plane
The foot abducts when it
rotates medially (i.e. away from
the centre
 Transverse plane

14. ADDUCTOR MUSCLES
Adductor Hallucis longus
Adductor Hallucis Brevis
Metatarsal Adduct
 Midfoot
 internal rotation

15. ABDUCTION OF FOOT
 The foot abducts when it rotates laterally (i.e. away
from the centre)
 external rotation

16. ABDUCTOR MUSCLES
 Dorsal interossei,
 Abductor hallucis
 Abductor digiti
minimi.

17.  Flexion involves bending the toes
towards the sole of the foot.
Toe flexion
Toe extension
 Toe extension involves extending
the toes away from the sole of the
foot.

18. TOE FLEXION MUSCLES
 Flexor hallucis longus
 Flexor hallucis brevis
Responsible for flexion
of hallux.

19. Toe extension Muscles
Extensor hallucis longus
 Extensor Digitorum Longus
and Brevis

20. Supination
Pronation
When you walk, your weight tends to be more on
the outside of your foot.
 when you walk, your weight tends to be more
on the inside of your foot

21. Conclude:

22. Load On Foot
 Impact force Sustained gait increase with body
weight and speed in accordance with newton third
law of motion
 GRF by foot during running is bimodal with initial
impact followed propulsive peak as foot pushes off
against the ground.
 Running speed increase from 3 to 5m/s impact force
range from 1.6 to 2.3 times body weight propulsive force
range from 2.5 to2.8 times body weight.

23. Load on the foot
 Structures of foot anatomically linked to distributed load evenly
onver whole foot
50% distributed through subtalar joint to calcaneus
 50% distributed through metatarsal head
 Twice load on 1st metatarsal

24. Factor influence load
 Architecture of foot
 Pes planus
 Flat arches
 Reduce load on the forefoot
 Pes cavus
 High arches
 Increasing load on
the forefoot