Range of motion (ROM) refers to the degree of movement possible at a joint without causing pain. ROM exercises promote joint mobility and physiological function while preventing contractures. There are active, passive, and active-assisted ROM. Contraindications include illnesses where increased circulation could be hazardous. ROM involves movements like flexion, extension, and rotation at various joints. Proper technique is important to avoid forcing movements and prevent pain.

3. INTRODUCTION

4. DEFINITION
Range of motion (ROM) is the range,
measuring in degree of a circle, through
which the bones of a joint can be
moved.
OR
The movement of a joint to the
extent possible without causing
pain.

5. PURPOSES
Promotes and maintaining joint mobility.
To maintain normal physiological function.
Prevent contracture and shortening of muscles
and tendons.
 increase circulation to extremities
Facilitate comfort for the patient.

6. CONTRAINDICATION TO ROM
Any illness/ disorder where increased use
of energy or increased circulation is
hazardous.
Example: myocardial infarction.
Swollen
Inflamed joints.

7. TYPES OF ROM
ACTIVE ROM: - Patient able to
perform the exercise
independently.

8. PASSIVE ROM: - ROM
performed by the
caregiver.

9. ACTIVE- ASSISTED ROM: - ROM
performed by patient with
assistance.

10. POINTS TO BE REMEBERED WHILE
PERFROMIMG ROMEXERCISE
While assessing ROM, nurse should
physically examine the client for stiffness,
swelling, pain, limited movements and
unequal movements.
With a weak client, the nurse merely
provides support while the client performs
most of the movement.

11. Exercises should be as active as health and
mobility allow.
Movements are carried out slowly and
smoothly and should not cause pain.
Never force a joint beyond its capacity.
Each movement should be repeated 5 times
during the exercise.
 Work form the top of the body to the
bottom.

12. GOALS OF PHYSIOTHERAPY
 Improve joint range and mobility
Strengthen weak muscles
Improve posture
Improve balance
Improve gait
Reduce fatigue
Reduced pain
Increase aerobic capacity.

13. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
1.Move only to the point of resistance. Do not
force movement.
2. move slowly, avoiding rapid or abrupt motion.
3. make the exercise part of your daily routine.
4. perform exercise on a firm surface.
5. exercise slowly with a smooth motion, do not
rush.

14. PATIENT PREPARATION
1.Explain and steps ad advantages of ROM exercise.
2. Remove all restrictive clothing, linen, splint, and
dressing.
3.Drape appropriately.
4.Raise the bed to comfortable height.
5.Position the patient comfortably-preferably supine
position.

15. TYPES OF MOVEMENTS AT
VARIOUS JOINTS

16. FLEXION
Decrease in the angle between
circulating bones.

17. EXTENSION
Straightening a joint. There is
increase in angle between
circulating bones often to restore
a part of the body to the
anatomical position after it has
been flexed.

18. HYPEREXTENSION
Moving a joint part normal,
extension or continuation of
extension beyond the
anatomical position is
called hyperextension.

20. ABDUCTION
 Moving a joint or extremity away from
midline of the body.
e.g. – moving of the palm laterally at
at wrist joint.
- moving the femur laterally at the
the hip joint.

21. ADDUCTION
Moving a joint or extremity
toward the midline of the body.
body.
e.g. – brining finger
together.

22. CIRCUMDUCTION
moving a body part in widening
circles.it occurs as a result of
continuous sequence of flexion,
abduction, extension and adduction.
e.g. moving the humorous in
circle at the shoulder joint.

23. ROTATION
In rotation, a bone revolve
around its own longitudinal
axis.
e.g. turning head from
side to side.

24. Two type of rotation
1. INTERNAL ROTATION: -Turning a joint
or an extremity on its axis towards
body’s midline.
e.g. turning foot and leg
toward other leg.
2. EXTERNAL ROTATION: - Turning a
joint or an extremity on its axis
away from the body’s midline.
e.g. turn foot and leg away
from other leg.

25. SUPINATION
Turning the body or a body part to
face upward.

26. PRONATION
Turning the body or a body part to face
downward.

27. INVERSION
moving the sole of the foot inward at the
ankle.

28. EVERSION
moving the sole foot outward at the
ankle.

29. DORSI FLEXION
Bending of the foot at the ankle in the
direction of the dorsum.
(superior surface). e.g. standing on heels.

30. PALMER FLEXION
Bending of the foot at the ankle joint in
the direction of the planter (inferior
surface) e.g. standing on toes.

31. OPPOSITION
It is movement of thumb across the palm to
touch finger tips on the same hand as touch
thumb to each fingers.

32. LATERAL FLEXION
lateral flexion describe the active or
passive bending movement of a body part
in the lateral direction, that is to say
sideward.

33. TYPES OF MOVEMENTS IN
DIFFERENT BODY PARTS

34. NECK
Flexion, extension, hyperextension, lateral
flexion, rotation.

35. SHOULDER
Flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction,
adduction, internal rotation, external rotation,
circumduction.

36. ELBOW
Flexion, extension.

37. FOREARM
Supination, pronation.

38. WRIST
Flexion, extension, hyperextension,
abduction, adduction.

39. FINGERS
Flexion, extension, hyperextension,
adduction, abduction.

40. THUMB
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction,
opposition.

41. HIP
Flexion, extension, hyperextension, adduction,
abduction, internal rotation, external rotation,
circumduction.

42. KNEE
Flexion, extension.

43. ANKLE
Dorsal flexion, plantar flexion.

44. FOOT
Inversion, eversion

45. TOES
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

46. SPECIAL POINTS
1.Move each joints through its full ROM exercise
three times and follow pattern of movement.
2. provide passive ROM exercise two times a day.
3. support measures should be used to prevent
muscle strain or injury during ROM exercise.

47. CONCLUSION