2. Neolithic, also called New Stone Age, final stage
of cultural evolution or technological
development among prehistoric humans. It was
characterized by stone tools shaped by polishing
or grinding, dependence on domesticated plants
or animals, settlement in permanent villages, and
the appearance of such crafts
as pottery and weaving.The Neolithic followed
the Paleolithic Period, or age of chipped-stone
tools, and preceded the Bronze Age, or early
period of metal tools.
3. The Indus Valley Civilization
The Incan Civilization. ...
The Aztec Civilization. ...
The Roman Civilization. ...
The Persian Civilization. ...
The Ancient Greek Civilization. ...
The Chinese Civilization. ...
The Maya Civilization. ...
The Ancient Egyptian Civilization.
4. The IndusValley Civilisation (IVC) was
a Bronze Age civilisation in the
northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting
from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its
mature form from 2600 BCE to
1900 BCE.[1][a] Together with ancient
Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was one of
three early civilisations of the Near
East and South
5. The civilization was first identified in
1921 at Harappa in the Punjab region
and then in 1922 at Mohenjo-Daro
(Mohenjo-Daro), near the Indus
River in the Sind (Sind) region. Both
sites are in present-day Pakistan, in
Punjab and Singh provinces,
respectively.
6. The Indus RiverValley Civilization, also
known as Harappan civilization,
developed the first accurate system of
standardized weights and measures,
some as accurate as to 1.6
mm. Harappans created sculpture, seals,
pottery, and jewelry from materials,
such as terracotta, metal, and stone.
7. Surkotada, Lethal,
and Dholavira are the important
port towns in the Indus valley.
Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Banawali
and Dholavira are considered as
the four main Harappan Sites.
8. There are seven important cities
in Indus valley civilization:
Mohenjo-Daro.
Harappa.
Kalimantan.
Lethal.
Chanhudaru.
Banawali.
9. Each city was divided into two parts-
the raised area called the 'Citadel' and
the 'lower town.The main streets
followed a grid pattern running from
north to south or from east to west.
The houses at street corners were
rounded to allow carts to pass easily.
10. As a town planner, you will be responsible
for managing the development of new
areas in cities, towns and the countryside.
You will review existing areas, assist in
gaining planning permission for
developments and ensure that
developments are assessed for the
environmental and economics impacts.
11. Drainage system may refer to: Drainage
system (geomorphology), patterns formed
by streams, rivers, and lakes in
a drainage basin. Drainage
system (agriculture), a system by which
water is drained on or in the soil to enhance
production. Sustainable drainage system,
designed to reduce the potential impact of
development.
12. Houses in the Indus cities. Wealthy Indus
Valley families lived in
comfortable houses built around
courtyards. Stairs led to a flat roof where
there was extra space to work and relax.
Although there was not much furniture,
the homes had wells for water and
bathrooms with pipes that carried waste
into the main drains.
13. The caste system
had four main groups: the Brahmins
consisting of priests and kings; the
Kshatriyas, the warriors and
aristocrats; theVaishyas, cultivators,
artisans and merchants; and the
Shudras or peasants and serfs
14. In this post, let’s see the features of Indus
Valley Civilization arts as part of the Indian
Culture notes based on the NCERT text ‘An
Introduction to Indian Art’ – Part 1. A detailed
note about the features, sites, society, religion
etc. of IndusValley Civilisation is already
published in this website. As we have covered
the prehistoric arts of India in the last article,
we shall move to the next major era in the
cultural history of India, ie. arts of Indus
Valley.
15. In IndusValley Civilization, pottery was an important
industry and the significance of the pottery can be noted
from the fact that harappan pictographical scripts were
mainly found on potteries. IndusValley Civilization
Pottery, remained plain most of the times and it further
enabled us to understand the gradual evolution of various
design motifs as employed in different shapes, and styles.
IndusValley Civilization consists chiefly of wheel made
wares (although potters' wheels, being made of wood,
have not survived) both plain and painted while the plain
pottery (usually of red clay with or without a fine red slip)
is more common than the painted ware (of red and black
colours).
16. Sculpture in Stone: Among the stone images
found in Harappa two male statues are
noteworthy. One of them is artistically
decorated while the other is kept naked.The
first statue is that of a yogi, draped in a shawl
worn over the left shoulder and under the
right arm. His beard is well-kept and his eyes
are half-closed.The other figure is a torso of a
human male. It is beautiful piece of sculpture
made of red stone.The head and arms of the
figure were carved separately and suckered
into holes drilled on the torso.
17. A seal is a device for making an
impression in wax, clay, paper, or some
other medium, including an
embossment on paper, and is also the
impression thus made. ... However
engraved gems were often carved in
relief, called cameo in this context,
giving a "counter-relief" or intaglio
impression when used as seals.
