2. The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) was a Bronze
Age civilization (3300–1300 BCE; mature period
2600–1900 BCE) extending from what today is
northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and
northwest India (see map).[1] Along with Ancient
Egypt and Mesopotamiait was one of three early
civilizations of the Old World, and of the three
the most widespread,[2] covering an area of 1.25
million km2.[3] It flourished in the basins of
the Indus River, one of the major rivers of Asia,
and the Ghaggar-Hakra River, which once
coursed through northwest India and eastern
Pakistan
4. WHERE IS INDUS VALLEY LOCATED
• The Indus valley is on the
border between India,
Pakistan and
Afganistan.The main city
may have been Mohenjo-
Daro but it could have
been Harappa.
• To the west of Mohenjo-
daro ae the highlands.
North east of mohenjo-
daro are the himalayan
mountains.
5. • Arose 3000 BC.
• Existed after Egypt,
Mesopotamia.
• Lasted longer
- 1500 years
• Conquered by Aryans
from north.
7. CHRONOLOGY
• The mature phase of the
Harappan civilization lasted
from c. 2600 to 1900 BCE.
With the inclusion of the
predecessor and successor
cultures—Early Harappan and
Late Harappan, respectively—
the entire Indus Valley
Civilization may be taken to
have lasted from the 33rd to
the 14th centuries BCE.
8. • Just like any other civilizations,the Indus river
valley people were mostly farmers.
• Traditional economy.
• They did trade with Chinese and with Sumerians
(Mesopotamians).
9. Small sculptures in stone,
terra cotta, and bronze
appear to represent priestly
or governmental officials,
dancing girls, and perhaps
mother goddesses.
Since there are no surviving
texts to explain identities,
these can only be guesses.
10. Among the 20,000
artifacts
uncovered, the
extraordinary
extremes of
wealth and
poverty of Egypt
and Mesopotamia
do not appear.
11. Population
• At its peak, the Indus
Civilization may have had a
population of over five
million.[5] Inhabitants of the
ancient Indus river valley
developed new techniques in
handicraft (carnelian products,
seal carving) and metallurgy
(copper, bronze, lead, and tin).
The Indus cities are noted for
their urban planning, baked
brick houses, elaborate
drainage systems, water supply
systems, and clusters of large
non-residential buildings.[6]
12. • The religion and belief
system of the Indus valley
people have received
considerable attention,
especially from the view
of identifying precursors
to deities and religious
practices of Indian
religions that later
developed in the area.
13. WRITING SYSTEM
Typical Indus inscriptions are
no more than four or five
characters in length, most of
which (aside from the
Dholavira "signboard") are
tiny; the longest on a single
surface, which is less than
1 inch (2.54 cm) square, is 17
signs long; the longest on any
object (found on three
different faces of a mass-
produced object) has a length
of 26 symbols.
14. INDUS RIVER VALLEY
• This civilization is
still very mysterious
to us.
• We don’t have a lot
of information
about them.
• The writing has not
been translated.
15. Toys were made
out of clay and
wood.
These are
ceramic
sculptures of
small cart with
vases and tools
pulled by oxen,
from Mohenjo-
Daro.
16. • Many archaeologists
think that Harappan
people used figurines
when they played.
• May be the Harappan
people worshiped a
female goddess.
17. • Hundred of small
figurines of people,
animals, birds and masks
provides clue about
peoples daily lives and
religious beliefs.
• The people in the indus
valley carved large
numbers of figurines of
women.
18. VIEDIC AGE
• Modern historians have
often interpreted the
Upanishads as a way to
justify social inequalities
imposed by the Caste
System.
• The doctrines of Samsara
and karma have reinforced
the Vedic social order.
19. • The seals are the key
which archaeologists
used to realised that the
indus civilization really
exists.
• There was two seals
found in1924 in two
different ancient cities six
hundred km apart which
proved the two cities
were linked.
20. • There were more than 2000 seals discovered
by archaeologists in different ancient Indus
cities.
• We think that the symbols on the seals may
have been a way of writing.
21. • People of indus valley really
loved there jewellery.
• Indus valley is rich in many
metals and worthy stones such
as carnelian, gold, copper,
turguoise and other
metals/semi precious stones.
22. ARYAN INVASIONS OF INDIA
Aryans invaded 1750
BC.
Indus than Ganges
valley.
Horse and herding
culture.
23. GEOGRAPHY
• The Indus Valley Civilization
encompassed most of Pakistan
and parts of northwestern
India, Afghanistan and Iran,
extending from Balochistan in
the west to Uttar Pradesh in
the east, northeastern
Afghanistan to the north
and Maharashtra to the south.
24. • As seen in Harappa, Mohenjo-
Daro and the recently partially
excavated Rakhigarhi, this
urban plan included the world's
first known
urban sanitationsystems:
see hydraulic engineering of the
Indus Valley Civilization. Within
the city, individual homes or
groups of homes obtained
water from wells.
![ The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) was a Bronze
Age civilization (3300–1300 BCE; mature period
2600–1900 BCE) extending from what today is
northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and
northwest India (see map).[1] Along with Ancient
Egypt and Mesopotamiait was one of three early
civilizations of the Old World, and of the three
the most widespread,[2] covering an area of 1.25
million km2.[3] It flourished in the basins of
the Indus River, one of the major rivers of Asia,
and the Ghaggar-Hakra River, which once
coursed through northwest India and eastern
Pakistan](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)