Hazard vs disaster and how to reduce and prevent its negative impacts.

1. • R. David Stone, Emma Goring and Conor E. Kretsch
• Report by: Veronica Baje | MS Biology 1-A

2. Introduction

3. Hazards vs
Disasters
• Disaster events – whether
driven by anthropogenic or
natural factors, or a
combination of both – are a
major cause of population
displacement, either within or
across national borders.

4. Natural Disasters
• Disaster is defined as a
serious disruption of
functioning of a community
or a society at any scale due
to hazardous events
interacting with conditions of
exposure, vulnerability, and
capacity, leading to one or
more of the following:
human, material, economic
and environmental losses
and impacts.

5. Examples of Disaster
• Tornadoes and Severe Storms
• Hurricanes and Tropical
Storms
• Floods
• Wildfires
• Earthquakes
• Drought
• Incidents of Mass Violence

6. Resistance,
Resilience,
and
Recovery
• Resistance – refers to
the ability of a system
to avoid having a
disaster impact in the
first instance.
• Disaster resilience –
pertains to the ability of
a system to mitigate,
recover from, or adjust
to a disaster.
• Recovery – pertains to
the restoration (and
improvement, where
appropriate) of
facilities, infrastructure
and livelihoods in
disaster-affected
communities after an
event has occurred.

7. Identification of standards and metrics for
measuring disaster resilience
• The existent social resilience frameworks
found in disaster management literature
can be primarily categorized as standard
or context specific frameworks. Every
framework has its own strengths and
limitations and sometimes there are
overlaps between multiple categories.
• Standard and context-specific
frameworks can be further categorized a
hazard-specific, hierarchical level
specific, and geographical scope specific
frameworks.

8. Biodiversity and
Disaster Risk
Reduction:
Prevention and
Mitigation

9. Role of Biodiversity in
Reducing Disaster Risk
• Mitigation – describes the alleviation or
limitation of the adverse impacts of disasters.
These impacts often cannot be prevented
fully, but their scale or severity can be
substantially lessened by various strategies
and actions

10. Global Risks Report 2023

11. Government
Intervention and
Programs

12. Disaster Risk
Reduction (DRR)
• A systematic approach to identifying,
assessing and reducing the risks of
disaster events.
• Philippine Disaster Reduction and
Management Act (2010) RA 10121 –
provides a comprehensive, all-hazard,
multi-sectoral, inter-agency, and
community-based approach to disaster risk
management through the formulation of the
National Disaster Risk Management
Framework.

13. Local
Government
Programs
• Valenzuela City Allied
Local Evacuation and
Emergency Response
Teams (ALERT Center)
• Makati City Disaster
Risk Reduction and
Management
• Pasig City Disaster Risk
Reduction and
Management

14. Volunteer Organizations
• Philippine Red Cross Emergency
Response Unit
• Citizens' Disaster Response Center
Foundation, Inc. (CDRC)
• Wilderness Search and Rescue
(WISAR)

15. Specific
Considerations for
Internally
Displaced Persons
and Refugees

16. Refugees/IDPs rely
on biodiversity/
ecosystem goods
and services
• The survival and longer-
term well-being of
refugees and IDPs
(Internally displaced
person)– in addition to
host communities living
within the vicinity of
camps – is often
dependent on particular
natural resources, and the
availability and
accessibility of certain
ecosystem goods and
services.

17. Humanitarian operations can
pose dual threats to biodiversity
and human well-being
• Environmental degradation is inevitable in
refugee/IDP situations. Displaced populations
and associated humanitarian operations –
which are in some instances poorly planned
and coordinated – place considerable pressure
on ecosystem goods and services.

18. Conclusion
• Biodiversity will likely reduce adverse
impacts of natural disasters. The
government and the community should
prepare for any inevitable events which
are likely to happen in the future.
Should there by a need to adapt to
changes and survive disasters, the
welfare of humans and preservation of
the environment should be prioritized for
long time beneficial results.

19. References
A.M. Aslam Sajaa, A. G. (2019). A critical review of social resilience assessment
frameworks in disaster. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, Volume 35, 2019,
101096.
Sabalza, S. M. (2020, February 20). Philippine News Agency. Retrieved from Gov.PH:
https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1094372
SAMHSA.org. (2022, 09 27). U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Retrieved
from Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration:
https://www.samhsa.gov/find-help/disaster-distress-helpline/disaster-types
World Economic Forum. (2023). The Global Risks Report 2023 18th Edition.
Cologny/Geneva: World Economic Forum.
World Health Organization and Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
(2015). A Critical Review Of Social Resilience Assessment Frameworks In Disaster.
International Journal Of Disaster Risk Reduction, ISBN 978 92 4 150853 7.