2. Definition:
An inflammatory
process in lung
parenchyma
usually
associated with
a marked
increase in
interstitial and
alveolar fluid.
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6. Cigarette smoking
Recent viral respiratory infection (common
cold, laryngitis, influenza)
Difficulty swallowing (due to stroke,
dementia, Parkinson's disease, or other
neurological conditions)
Chronic lung disease (COPD, bronchiectasis,
cystic fibrosis)
Cerebral palsy
Other serious illnesses, such as heart
disease, liver cirrhosis, /diabetes mellitus
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7. Cont….
Exposure to air pollution.
Altered consciousness(Alcoholism, Drug
overdose, General anesthesia, Seizure
disorder).
Inhalation of noxious substances.
Residing in Institutional settings.
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8. Living in a nursing facility
Impaired consciousness (loss of brain
function due to dementia, stroke, or other
neurologic conditions)
Recent surgery or trauma
Immune system problem
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10. Disruption of the mechanical defenses
(cough & ciliary motility)
Colonization of the lungs.
Inflamed & fluid-filled alveolar sacs.
Alveolar exudates tends to consolidate.
Difficult to expectorate.
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23. Classification:
i. Based on area affected:
Segmental pneumonia.
Lobar pneumonia.
Bilateral pneumonia.
ii. Basis of location & radiologic appearance:
Bronchopneumonia.
Interstitial(reticular) pneumonia.
Alveolar(acinar) pneumonia.
Necrotizing pneumonia.
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27. Possible complications:
Respiratory failure.
Empyema or lung abscesses. These are
infrequent, but serious, complications of
pneumonia. They occur when pockets of pus
form inside or around the lung. These may
sometimes need to be drained with surgery.
Sepsis, a condition in which there is
uncontrolled swelling (inflammation) in the
body, which may lead to organ failure
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),
a severe form of respiratory failure
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28. Pneumonia At A Glance:
Pneumonia is a lung infection that can be caused by
different types of microorganisms, including bacteria,
viruses, and fungi.
Symptoms of pneumonia include cough with sputum
production, fever, and sharp chest pain on inspiration
(breathing in).
Pneumonia is suspected when a doctor hears abnormal
sounds in the chest, and the diagnosis is confirmed by a
chest x-ray.
Bacteria causing pneumonia can be identified by sputum
culture.
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