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Intellectual-Disability-f.pptx
- 2. Once called mental retardation, intellectual disability is characterized by below-average intelligence or mental ability and a lack of skills necessary for day-to-day living. 2
- 4. 7,714,576,923 World population projection of 2019 231,437,308 individuals 3% of the total world population have intellectual diability 4 At least that is
- 5. Intellectual functioning Also known as IQ, this refers to a person’s ability to learn, reason, make decisions, and solve problems. Someone with intellectual disability has limitations in two areas. These areas are: Adaptive behaviors These are skills necessary for day-to-day life, such as being able to communicate effectively, interact with others, and take care of oneself. 5
- 7. Mild Intellectual Disability Ă— IQ 50 to 70 Ă— Slower than typical in all developmental areas Ă— No unusual physical characteristics Ă— Able to learn practical life skills Ă— Attains reading and math skills up to grade levels 3 to 6 Ă— Able to blend in socially Ă— Functions in daily life 7
- 8. 8 of people with intellectual disabilities falls into the mild category and many even achieve academic success. 85%
- 9. 9 Whoever can read this, but has difficulty comprehending what he or she read represents an example of someone with mild intellectual disability.
- 10. Are you sure you’re not intellectually disabled? 10
- 11. 11 Ă— IQ 35 to 49 Ă— Noticeable developmental delays (i.e. speech, motor skills) Ă— May have physical signs of impairment (i.e. thick tongue) Moderate Intellectual Disability
- 12. 12 People with moderate intellectual disability have fair communication skills, but cannot typically communicate on complex levels. They may have difficulty in social situations and problems with social cues and judgment. These people can care for themselves, but might need more instruction and support than the typical person. Many can live in independent situations, but some still need the support of a group home. Moderate Intellectual Disability
- 13. of people with intellectual disabilities falls into the moderate category. 13
- 14. Ă— IQ 20 to 34 Ă— Considerable delays in development Ă— Understands speech, but little ability to communicate Ă— Able to learn daily routines Ă— May learn very simple self-care Ă— Needs direct supervision in social situations 14 Severe Intellectual Disability
- 15. These people can only communicate on the most basic levels. They cannot perform all self-care activities independently and need daily supervision and support. Most people in this category cannot successfully live an independent life and will need to live in a group home setting. 15 Severe Intellectual Disability
- 16. of those diagnosed with intellectual disability fall into the severe category 16 3to 4%
- 17. Profound Intellectual Disability Ă— IQ less than 20 Ă— Significant developmental delays in all areas Ă— Obvious physical and congenital abnormalities Ă— Requires close supervision Ă— Requires attendant to help in self-care activities Ă— May respond to physical and social activities Ă— Not capable of independent living 17
- 18. People with profound intellectual disability require round-the-clock support and care. They depend on others for all aspects of day-to-day life and have extremely limited communication ability. Frequently, people in this category have other physical limitations as well 18 Profound Intellectual Disability
- 20. Genetic conditions These include things like Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome. Problems during pregnancy Things that can interfere with fetal brain development include alcohol or drug use, malnutrition, certain infections, or preeclampsia. Problems during childbirth Intellectual disability may result if a baby is deprived of oxygen during childbirth or born extremely premature 20 Illness or injury Infections can lead to intellectual disability. Severe head injury, near-drowning, extreme malnutrition, infections in the brain, exposure to toxic substances such as lead, and severe neglect or abuse can also cause it.
- 22. 22 Fragile X is a genetic condition that affects a person’s development, especially behavior and the ability to learn. Down syndrome describes a set of cognitive and physical symptoms that result from having an extra copy or part of a copy of chromosome 21. Autism is a complex neurological and developmental condition that affects how a person learns, communicates and interacts with others. 22
- 24. The most common of these IDs is fetal alcohol syndrome. Pregnant women shouldn’t drink alcohol. Getting proper prenatal care, taking a prenatal vitamin, and getting vaccinated against certain infectious diseases can also lower the risk that your child will be born with intellectual disabilities. In families with a history of genetic disorders, genetic testing may be recommended before conception. Certain tests, such as ultrasound and amniocentesis, can also be performed during pregnancy to look for problems associated with intellectual disability. Although these tests may identify problems before birth, they cannot correct them. 24
- 25. 25 Servicesavailable for people with intellectual disability
- 26. × Individualized Family Service Plan or IFSP- This outlines the child’s specific needs and what services will help the child thrive × School-age children with intellectual disabilities (including preschoolers) are eligible for special education for free through the public school system. This is mandated by the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). 26
- 27. Parents and educators work together to create an Individualized Education Program, or IEP, which outlines the child’s needs and the services the child will receive at school. 27
- 28. The point of special education is to make adaptations, accommodations, and modifications that allow a child with an intellectual disability to succeed in the classroom. 28
- 30. Credits Special thanks to the following websites for making this informative report possible: Ă— https://www.webmd.com/parenting/baby/intellectual- disability-mental-retardation#3 Ă— https://www.healthyplace.com/neurodevelopmental- disorders/intellectual-disability/mild-moderate- severe-intellectual-disability-differences Ă— https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fetal- alcohol-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20352901 And to my younger brother for the power point's designs. 30