Independence Chinese school History in Malaysia (2020/2021) "If you're using this slide as a reference, pls do pray for me and my degree journey. May Allah bless you as well :)"

1. INDEPENDENCE CHINESE
SCHOOL
MADE BY : NOR NAFISA HIDAYAH BINTI MOHD
NAZRIN (2018096)
ASSOC. PROF. DR. MOHAMAD JOHDI SALLEH

2. WHAT IS
INDEPENDENCE
CHINESE SCHOOL?

3. A Chinese independent high school is a private school in
Malaysia. They provide secondary education in the Chinese
language as the continuation of the primary education in
Chinese national-type primary schools.
The language of instruction in these schools is Mandarin
Chinese using simplified Chinese characters.
—WIKIPEDIA

4. Struggle and
Development of Chinese
Education

5. o In 1960, the Rahman Talib Report was published in the name
of reviewing the implementation of education policy. Actually,
national education policy had been tampered with and
replaced by ‘the ultimate objective’ of paragraph 12 of the
Razak Report.
o Moreover, it proposed that the Chinese secondary schools
must convert their main teaching medium to English or Malay
in order to continue to aid from government.
Sources : Journal of Politics & Law, 2018 ( https://doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v11n2p23

6. The Razak Report Clause 12 :-
But due to strong protest from the non
Malay communities, the 'ultimate objective'
was not included in the new Education
Ordinance 1957.

7. • Education Act 1961 was enacted and passed by the Alliance
government based on the Rahman Talib Report.
• Clause 21(2), empowered Ministry of Education to convert any
national-type primary school into a Malay-medium national
primary school at its discretion.
Sources : Journal of Politics & Law, 2018 ( https://doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v11n2p23 )
• Symbol of mono-lingual policy.
• The survival and development of Chinese
education was facing an unprecedented and
severe test.

8. “Clause 21(2) of the 1961 Education Act was
removed once and for all and that was my
contribution when I was Education Minister,”
Datuk Seri Najib Razak said, reminding the Chinese
community of his contributions at a Chinese New
Year celebration at Wisma Huazong.
- NST, 2018
He removed it when he held the office
between 1996 and 2000.

9. o In 1961, Chinese and Tamil schools were given two choices
whereas they are willing to converted to national-type
secondary schools or becoming financially independent as
private schools.
o 54 out of the 69 Chinese secondary schools were converted to
national-type secondary schools including famous schools like
Chung Ling High School, Penang Chinese Girls' High School on Penang Island,
Jit Sin High School, Ave Maria Convent High School, Sam Tet High School.
Sources : Journal of Politics & Law, 2018 ( https://doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v11n2p23
Wikipedia
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_independent_high_school )

10. CHUNG LING HIGHSCHOOL
Jalan Kampung Bharu Air Itam, George
Town,

11.  Foon Yew High School was
the first school to refuse
the government's proposal.
 The respective school boards
continue to rely on school fees
and donations from the
community for all expenses
including teachers’ salaries and
infrastructure.
• They survived without the
government-aid with the help
of Malaysian Independent
Chinese Secondary Schools
(MICSS) community.

12. 3. 4.
1. 2.
The suppression of British colonial
Period.
The destruction of Japanese
rule.
The compromise for the
independence.
The struggle under
nation-building process and the
implementation of mono-lingual
policy.
Chinese education in Malaysia
experienced different periods
• In other words, the development of
Chinese schools and Chinese education in Malaysia has
undergone a thorny pathway.

13. CHARACTERISTICS OF
INDEPENDENCE
CHINESE SCHOOLS

14. Characteristics of the school:-
Divided into two stages:
• 3 years in junior middle.
• 3 years in senior middle.
2.
Science or
Art/Commerce in the
senior middle stage.
3.
Spend six years in a
Chinese Independent
High School.
1.
• In the last year, the students will
sit for UEC examination.
• Some schools offer an
additional year in senior middle,
catering to students taking
STPM
4.
(using similar education
systems in China &
Taiwan)

15. Overall academic performance
determines student promotion for
the next study year.
If failed for 2 years in a row, they
will be dismissed.
6.
7.
Curriculum used is
developed & coordinated by
Curriculum Department of
UCSCAM.
Use the same academic year as
government schools which consists
of 2 semesters.
• Semester 1 : January – May
• Semester 2 : June to November
5.
UCSCAM publishes
textbooks for use in Chinese
independent high schools.
8.
UCSCAM – United Chinese School Committees’ Association of
Malaysia (Dong Zong)

17. IMPLEMENTATION OF
INDEPENDENCE CHINESE
SCHOOLS

18. IMPLEMENTATION OF INDEPENDENCE
CHINESE SCHOOLS
Students must be able
to take strict
disciplines
and heavy
work loads.
UEC examinations at both
Junior and Senior levels
determine whether they
move on or would be
retained to repeat a year
of poor performance.
From primary schools
who passed the
entrance examination
and could afford the
fees.
Provided an
alternative path for
special students of
good conduct.
In line with government
education policy, many of
these schools coached their
students to sit for SPM, not
forgetting special English
lessons.
The students which do not prepare for UEC
examination are not an independent Chinese.

19. UNIFIED
EXAMINATION
CERTIFICATE
(UEC)

20. Unified Examination Certificate (UEC)
 UEC is a standardised examination for Chinese independent high school students organised by the
UCSCAM (United Chinese School Committees’ Association of Malaysia) since 1975.
 The UEC is available in three levels:-
 Junior Middle (UEC-JML),
 Vocational (UEC-V),
 Senior Middle (UEC-SML).
 UEC-SML is recognised as a qualification for entrance into tertiary educational institutions around
the world, including the United Kingdom, the United States, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, Japan,
Singapore, Australia, Canada and many others.
 It is not recognised by the government of Malaysia for entry into public universities, but most
private colleges recognise it.
 Some Chinese independent high schools opt to teach the national secondary school curriculum
(in Malay) alongside the independent school curriculum (in Chinese).
 They require students to sit for PMR, SPM or even STPM as private school candidates, providing the
students an opportunity to obtain government-recognised certificates.

21. They are
required to take
Chinese subject in
PMR & SPM.
The school is
concerned with 3
languages
(Malay,
English &
Mandarin).
The main
difference of the
school is
all students are
required to learn
Mandarin.
Differences between ICS & national school.
ICS hopes that
their students
are able to
master all the
languages when
they completed
their studies in
Form 5.

22. References
• Journal of Politics and Law; Vol. 11, No. 2; 2018, ISSN 1913-9047 E-ISSN 1913-9055, Published by Canadian Center of Science
and Education
• Chinese independent high school. (2020). Retrieved 5 November 2020, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_independent_high_school
• Najib says he removed offensive clause in Education Act on vernacular schools | New Straits Times. (2020). By Veena Babulal,
Nadia Hamid - February 24, 2018, from https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/02/338584/najib-says-he-removed-offensive-
clause-education-act-vernacular-schools
• Sekolah jenis kebangsaan. (2020). Retrieved 4 November 2020, from https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekolah_jenis_kebangsaan
• What you should know about Chinese schools in Malaysia | Malay Mail. (2020). Retrieved 4 November 2020, from
https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2017/07/03/what-you-should-know-about-chinese-schools-in-malaysia/1412233
• Hashim, R. (1997). Educational dualism in Malaysia: Implications for theory and practice. International Journal Of Educational
Development, 17(4), 476-477. doi: 10.1016/s0738-0593(97)82322-x
• https://www.slideshare.net/hazim26/razak-and-rahman-talib-report-ppt
• https://www.slideshare.net/zaimzufayri77/zaem-edit
• https://dokumen.tips/documents/razak-report-1956.html
• https://www.fcmsm.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Razak-Report-1956.pdf
• http://www.teo-education.com/teophotos/albums/userpics/051_History_of_Education%5B1%5D.pdf

23. THANK YOU FOR
YOUR ATTENTION