The document discusses food insecurity and strategies to address it in India. It defines food security as having availability, accessibility, and affordability of food. Food insecurity occurs when famine decreases food production and increases prices, preventing some from purchasing food. The government implemented rationing after the Bengal famine and later introduced the Public Distribution System, Integrated Child Development Services, and Food for Work programs. The Targeted Public Distribution System now aims to provide food grains to poor households across India, while the Antyodaya Anna Yojana focuses on the poorest. Cooperative shops also work to maintain affordable food prices.

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3.  Availability of food means food production within the country, food
imports and the previous years stock stored in government granaries.
Accessibility means food is within reach of every person.
Affordability implies that an individual has enough money to buy
sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet one’s dietary needs.
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4. (famine -- widespread deaths due to starvation and
epidemics caused by forced use of contaminated water
or decaying food and loss of body resistance due to
weakening from starvation.)
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5. Famine takes place
Decrease in total
production of food grains
Shortage of food in the
affected areas
Rise in food price
Some people cannot to
buy food
FOOD INSECURITY
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7. HIGHEST
GROWTH
Punjab And
Haryana
Tamil Nadu
and Andhra
Pradesh
LOWEST
GROWTH
Maharashtra
and Madhya
Pradesh
Bihar Orissa
and the NE
states.
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50
100
150
200
250 Series 1
Serie…
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9. Hungeris anotheraspectindicatingfoodinsecurity.Hungerisnot justanexpressionof poverty,it brings
aboutpoverty.Theattainmentof foodinsecuritythereforeinvolveseliminatingcurrenthungerandreducing
theriskof futurehunger.
Chronic hunger is a consequence of
diets persistently inadequate in terms
of quantity and/or quality. Poor people
suffer chronic hunger due to low income
in turn inability to buy food even for
survival.
Seasonal hunger is related to cycles
of food growing and harvesting. This is
prevalent in rural areas due to seasonal
nature of agricultural activities and in
urban areas because of the lack of
casual labour e.g., lack of casual
construction labour during the rainy
seasons.
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10. Bengal Famine of 1943 caused death of around 1.5-3 million people.
The Bihar Famine of 1966-67 killed 2353 people due to starvation as reported.
Places like Kalahandi and Kashipur,Orissa famine and starvation deaths have been
reported.
Starvation deaths have been also reported in Baran district of Rajasthan, Palamau
district in Jharkhand and many remote areas during the recent years.
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13. Rationing is the controlled distribution of scarce resources, goods, or services, or an artificial
restriction of demand. It controls the size of the ration, which is one's allowed portion of the
resources being distributed on a particular day or at a particular time. it is often done to keep
price below the equilibrium (market-clearing) price determined by the process of supply and
demand in an unfettered market. Thus, rationing can be complementary to price controls.
Rationing was introduced in India in the backdrop of the Bengal famine. This system was
again revived in the 1960s to tackle acute shortage of food.
In the 1970s, three important food intervention programmes were introduced to tackle the
shortage of food:
1. Public Distribution System (PDS) : This system was made to ensure smooth supply of
subsidized food items to the poor.
2. Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) : These services were introduced to provide
proper nutrition to poor children.
3. Food for Work (FFW) : This programme was introduced to help the poor to earn food in
lieu of some work.
Similarly, many Poverty Alleviation Programmes (PAPs) have been introduced from time to
time to tackle the food shortage. Mid Day Meal scheme was launched in government schools
to provide freshly cooked lunch to poor children.
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14. The PDS is the most important step towards securing food in India. In 1997, the
targeted Public Distribution System was introduced to extend the PDS benefits to
the poor in all areas of the country. In the year 2000, two special schemes called
the Antyodaya Anna Yojana and the Annapurna Scheme were introduced through
the public distributions system.
The Antyodaya Anna Yojana was aimed at the poorest of the poor and The
Annapurna Scheme was aimed at needy senior citizens.
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15. Name of the
schemes
Year of
Induction
Coverage target group Latest volume Issue price(Rs.
Per kg.)
PDS
(Public Distribution
System )
Up to 1992 Universal ----- W-2.34
R-2.89
RPDS
(Revamped Public
Distribution System)
1992 Backward blocks 20kg of food
grains
W-2.80
R-3.77
TPDS
(Targeted Public
Distribution System )
1997 Poor and non-poor 35kg of food
grains
BPL-W-2.50
R-3.50
APL-W-4.50
R-7.00
AAY
(Antyodaya Anna
Yojana)
2000 Poorest of the poor 35kg of food
grains
W-2.00
R-3.00
APS
(Annapurna
Scheme)
2000 Indigent senior citizens 10kg of food
grains
FREE
W- Wheat ; R- Rice; BPL-Below Poverty Line; APL-Above Poverty Line 15

16.  Uttar Pradesh(eastern and south-eastern part), Bihar
Jharkhand
Orissa
West Bengal
Chhattisgarh
Parts of Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Rajasthan
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17. The co-operatives also play an important role in food security in India. They put up
small shops for the poor people is especially low price.
Some examples of such co-operatives are:-
• Fair-price shops of Tamil Nadu of which 94 are run by co-operatives.
• Delhi situated Mother Dairy that controls the price decided by the Government of
Delhi.
•Amul is one of the most successful co-operatives in India.
•Similarly in Maharashtra, Academy of Development Science has facilitated a
network of NGO’s for setting up grain banks in different regions. It has been
acknowledge as a successful and innovative food security intervention.
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