This document presents a layout for a presentation on synthesizing and characterizing iron oxide nanoparticles. The presentation aims to develop an alternative green method for synthesizing iron oxide nanoparticles from locally available tea leaves and to investigate their antibacterial and antifungal properties. The experimental section describes synthesizing iron oxide nanoparticles from tea leaf extract and coating them with chitosan. Characterization techniques like SEM, XRD, and FTIR are used to analyze the nanoparticles. Antibacterial tests on E. coli and antifungal tests on Candida albicans show the coated nanoparticles have antibacterial and antifungal properties. The expected outcome is that the green synthesis method could be used to develop novel biomaterials and the nanoparticles could help treat

1. “And you see the mountains, thinking them rigid, while they will pass as the passing of clouds.
[It is] the work of Allah, who perfected all things. Indeed, He is Acquainted with that which you
do.”
[Quran, 27:88]

3. LAYOUT OF PRESENTATION
 Introduction
 Aims and objective
 Experimental
 Characterization Technique
 Expected outcome
 Acknowledgment

4. Introduction
What is Nanotechnology And
Nanoprticles
 The ability to manipulate matter to make
particles with explicit properties through
certain chemical and physical processes is
known as nanotechnology which can be
utilized in different fields and is one of the
critical advances of the 21st century.
 A widespread class of constituents that
include particulate matter, which have one
dimension under 100 nm fundamentally are
known as nanoparticles (NPs).

5. Aims and OBJECTIVES
 To develop the alternate greener method for
the synthesis of nano structured iron oxide
from locally available (Shinkyari, Pakistan)
tea leaves.
 To enhance the specific surface
engineering by coating with chitosan
allowing the applications of coated-IONPs
possessing huge potential in green
chemistry.
 To investigate antibacterial and antifungal
properties to ensure their utilization in
biomedical and agricultural applications.


6. Applications of Nanoparticles

7. EXPERIMENTAL
Deionized water
Filteration
Green tea Leaf Extract
6000rpm, 60min L iquid IONPs
Fecl3solution
15-16h 6000rpm, 1h
Centrifuge
65C0 Dried
Chitosan coated IONP’s

8. LAB Images of Nanoparticles
formation

9. Characterization Technique
 Scanning electron microscopy
(SEM)
 X-ray diffraction (XRD)
 Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR)
 Antimicrobial Activities

10. Scanning electron micrsocopy
The morphological analysis of synthesized nanoparticles
was examined with scanning electron microscopy. The
particles are uniformly aggregated which can be clearly
seen in the SEM images of iron oxide nanoparticles, that is
spherical shaped. SEM images of uncoated IONPs and CS-
IONPs are shown in Fig. 3.1.1 (a) and (b). The results
showed that all nanoparticles are mostly spherical in shape
and the chitosan layer is uniformly deposited on Iron oxide
NP’s,

13. X-ray diffraction
The crystal structure of the synthesized nanoparticles was
studied by XRD pattern shown in Fig 3.1.2 (both naked and CS-
coated IONPs). The angle θ ranges from 20°–80° was taken.
Two broad peaks were determined in the analysis
corresponding to d = 0.24 and 0.15 nm. Poor crystalline Iron
oxide sheath is obtained. Similar sheath was observed in the
XRD pattern of 2-line ferrihydrite, Fe4 (O, OH, H2O). The same
diffraction peak for iron nanomaterial has also been reported
previously .catalytic activities in various reactions can be
supported by amorphous nature of iron nanoparticles reported
by many researchers and crystalline iron nanoparticles can be
compared to dye degradation rate.

17. Structural Analysis (FT-IR)
Fig 3.1.3 showed the spectrum of FTIR of naked iron oxide and
Chitosan coated iron oxide NPs. Some prominent peaks were
specified by spectrum obtained at 3426 cm−1, 2924 cm−1, 2848
cm−1, 1719 cm−1, 1616 cm−1, 1327 cm−1 and 1228 cm−1
respectively. The broad peak i.e. at 3426 cm−1 specified the
presence of Hydroxyl group (OH). The C–H stretching
frequencies were observed by the two other distinctive peaks
obtained at 2924 cm−1 and 2848 cm−1. Carbonyl group is present
at the peak observed at 1719 cm−1 present in the organic moiety.
The C–C stretching frequency confirmed by the peak at 1616
cm−1. The C–N stretching frequencies indicated by the peak
observed at 1327 cm−1 and 1228 cm−1. In the case of CS coated
iron oxide NPs, the appearance of the peak at 2924cm-1
specified the presence of chitosan coated IONPs consider the
stretching frequency of –CH– in chitosan. Result obtained is

21. Antibacterial activitiy
The antibacterial activity tested against E. coli
(E). 80% urinary tract infections were caused by
E. coli. Media used was nutrient agar media,
green is positive control, yellow is negative
control, red is maximum concentration 1 of
nanoparticles, blue is concentration 2 and purple
is concentration 3. The effects of chitosan coated
iron oxide NPs on bacterial growth are shown
Concentarion Bacterial species Zone of inhibition
(ZOI)
Escherichia Coli
1 10 mg/ml
2 5 mg/ml
3 2.5 mg/ml

22. pure PCR water was used for making suspension. Plates were
incubated at 35 Cand discs were pre sterilized via autoclave at
121 C for 15 minutes. Ultra pure PCR water is used as negative
control and the solvent used for suspension of nanoparticles was
also ultra pure PCR water. Cationically charged amino group of
chitosan combines with the anionic component on the cell
membrane of microbes such as sialic acid, neuraminic acid and
N-acetylmuramic acid. Due to this, chitosan may suppress the
microbial growth by chelating various transitional metal ions,
inhibiting enzymes and by impairing the exchange with the
medium

24. Antifungal activity
For antifungal activity agar well diffusion
technique was used. The anti-fungal activity
tested against Candida albicans (C.albicans). A
serious infection “Candidiasis” is caused by C.
albicans by the formation of biofilm on the
surface of the implantable biomedical devices
[104]. . Initially, the microbe was inoculated in
their desired growth medium C. albicans (Yeast
extract peptone dextrose-YEPD).Lawn of
organism was prepared on agar. For results agar
plates were incubated for 48 h at 30 °C. The
diameter of inhibition zones and the effect of CS-
IONPs are shown

25. Concentration Fungal Species Zone of inhibition (ZOI)
Candida albicans
1 250µg
2 500µg
Effect of CS-IONP’s on fungal growth

26. EXPECTED OUTCOMES
 The IO-NPs synthesized from tea leaves using
green route could play a vital role in killing the
bacterial pathogens and could be used in the field
of biomedical and for bioremediation of waste
water from industrial and domestic resources as
well.
 The alternate method for the synthesis of nano-iron
will be introduced which may be considered to
develop novel and effective materials for the
extraction of other NMs for advanced applications.

27. Conclusion
 In our research work the method used for the synthesis of nanoparticles is called
greener method and has much importance as it is completely non-toxic,
environmentally friendly, biocompatible and economically viable using biological
resources by a resource-utilization approach. There also many biomedical
applications such as wound healing, drug delivery, medical imaging, chemical
decomposition etc. In the current work we found that for the synthesis of iron
oxide nanoparticles green tea extract could prove to be a good reducing agent.
The participation of leaf metabolites is responsible for the reduction of iron ions
and stabilization of the iron oxide NPs. It has much significance over other
biological synthesis mainly the reaction was simple and convenient to handle it.
All the iron oxide nanoparticles were produced by greener method were then
coated with chitosan to avoid aggragation. All the naked iron oxide NP’s and
Chitosan coated iron oxide NP’s were characterized by using SEM, XRD and
FTIR techniques for their high resulotion morphological structure, crystallinality
and to determine functional groups respectively. Antibacterial activity of these
chitosan coated iron oxide nanoparticles was evaluated against E.coli and
antifungal activity against C.albicans Showed high efficacy of chitosan coated
iron oxide NP’s as a strong antibacterial and antifungal agent respectively

28. Acknowledgment