classification of organic chemistry

2. CARBON HYDROGEN AND
OXYGEN
⚫Carbon hydrogen and oxygen are
elements occurring in nature.
⚫A compound is a substance
formed by chemically bonding two
or more chemical elements.

3. CARBON COMPOUNDS
⚫Carbon is abundantly present in nature.
⚫Carbon containing compounds are present in all living
things
⚫Diamond
⚫graphite
⚫Chalk
⚫Coal
⚫Wood
⚫Polymers

4. COMPOUNDS OF HYDROGEN AND
OXYGEN
• H2O
• HCL
• CH4
• H2
• NaOH
• CaCO3
• CO
• CO2
• O2
• H2SO4

5. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
⚫Compounds containing carbon and hydrogen
atoms and their derivatives, in which covalently
bonded carbon is essential component.

6. Organic compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms

7. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
⚫The branch of chemistry which deals with the study of
hydrocarbons and their derivatives is known as organic
chemistry.
⚫Organic chemistry is defined as the study of the structure,
properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of
carbon-containing compounds

8. NUMBER OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
There are about ten millions of organic compounds and
thousands of new organic compounds are being prepared
every year.

9. Why organic compounds are
numerous?
1. Due to carbon atom property catenation.
2. Tetravalencey
⚫ Self combination property
⚫ Carbon atom can make long chains and cyclic structure with other
carbon atoms.

10. Why CO2 and CO is not treated as organic
compounds
The oxides of carbon like carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide,
carbonates, bicarbonates and carbides are also carbon
compounds, they are not treated as organic compounds because
their properties are quite different from those of organic
compounds.

11. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FORMULA
Each organic compound has specific formula.
There are four types of formulae of organic compounds:
• Molecular formula
• Structural formula
• Condensed formula
• Dot and cross formula

13. MOLECULAR FORMULA
⚫The formula which represents the actual number of atoms in
one molecule of the organic compound
⚫molecular formula of butane is C4H10
⚫Pentane C5H12
⚫Hexane C6H14
⚫Propane C3H8
⚫Methane CH4
⚫Ethane C2H6

14. STRUCTURAL FORMULA
Structural formula of a compound represents the exact
arrangement of the different atoms of various elements
present in a molecule of a substance.

15. STRUCTURAL FORMULA (cont…)
⚫In a structural formula, single bond is represented by a single
line (-), a double bond by two lines (=) and a triple bond by
three lines between the bonded atoms.
⚫ Organic compounds may have same molecular formulae but
different structural formulae.
e.g., structural formulae of butane C4H10 are:

17. CONDENSED FORMULA
⚫The formula that indicates the group of atoms joined together
to each carbon atom in a straight chain or a branched chain is
called the condensed formula.

19. DOT AND CROSS FORMULA OR
ELECTRONIC FORMULA
⚫The formula which shows the sharing of electrons between
various atoms in one molecule of the organic compound is
called dot and cross formula or electronic formula.

20. propane butane

21. ELECTRON SHARING BETWEEN
ATOMS
⚫Single bond shows 2 electron sharing atoms C—C or
C—H
⚫Double bond shows 4 electron sharing between two
carbon atoms (C=C)
⚫Triple bond shows 6 electrons sharing between two
carbon atoms (C=C)

22. Formulas of
organic
compounds