Powerpoint on Joseph Haydn, Chapters 25, 26, and 28 from Enjoyment of Music, Essential Listening Edition, 3rd edition

1. THE ENJOYMENT OF MUSIC
ESSENTIAL LISTENING
EDITION
by
Kristine Forney
Andrew Dell’Antonio
Joseph Machlis
THIRD EDITION
Lecture Slides – Chapters 25, 26, 28

2. Joseph Haydn
(1732 - 1809)
 Born in Rohrau, Austria, and
studied in Vienna.
 Background consisted of folk music
 Went to Vienna at age 8, served as
choirboy in Cathedral of St.
Stephen
 Turned out when voice changed
 Gave music lessons
 Played violin in street bands
 Successful trips to England
 Died 1809, while Napoleon’s army
was occupying Vienna

3. Joseph Haydn (1732 - 1809)
• Music Director for Prince Nicholas Esterhazy for almost 3 decades
– Composing--whatever Prince wanted
– Conducting--in charge of one of the best orchestras in Europe
– Keeping order among musicians
• Established the symphony and the string quartet as major
instrumental forms.
• After death of Prince, Haydn made 2 long trips to England (1790).
– Composed symphonies, songs, and piano works
• Returned to Vienna in 1795--produced oratorios, Masses, and more
string quartets.
• Taught Beethoven

4. Haydn’s Music
• Wrote every kind of music
• Optimistic, sense of humor
• “Papa Haydn”-very influential to other
musicians
• Master at developing themes

5. The String Quartet
• Musical Instruments
– 1st violin
– 2nd violin
– viola
– cello

6. Joseph Haydn:
The String Quartet
• Common Movements
– Sonata form--fast
– Sonata, theme and variations, or ABA--slow
(contrasting key)
– Minuet and Trio--ABA--triple meter
– Finale-sonata or rondo--very fast

7. Haydn: String Quartet, Op. 76, No. 3
(Emperor)
(Listening Guide )
• Op. 76 string quartets
• Second movement: theme and variations

8. Theme and Variations Form
• Very popular in Classical Era
• Theme presented and then altered in several ways
• Examples of variation techniques:
– Change of key
– Change of mode (major to minor/minor to major)
– Change of tempo or meter
– Change of timbre (i.e., instrumentation)
– Change in texture (homophony/polyphony)

9. Theme & Variations
• Can be independent piece or movement of
symphony, sonata, or string quartet
• Outline of form: A A΄(A prime, variation 1),
A΄΄(variation 2), etc.; each prime mark
indicates variation of basic theme
• Connected or separated by pauses
• Composer may borrow melody or invent
own
• Usually no more than 4 variations of a
tune

10. Joseph Haydn: String Quartet in C
Major--2nd Movement
• Theme: hymn-like, resembling 4-part
harmony (homophonic)
• Variation 1: violin 2 has melody with violin 1
accompaniment (2-part homophony)
• Variation 2: cello has theme with other 3
voices accompanying
• Variation 3: viola has melody; only 3 voices
play most of variation
• Variation 4: 4-part polyphony throughout

11. String Quartet in C Major
2nd Movement
• Movement 2

13. Important Symphonies Composed
by Haydn
• Symphony #8--G Major (“Evening”)
– One of a series (“Morning,” “Noon,” and “Evening”)
• Symphony #45--F Minor (“Farewell”)
– Musicians left the stage one-by-one in protest for having
to be away from their families too long
• Symphony #94--G Major (“Surprise”)
– Loud chord near beginning of slow movement
• Symphony #101--D major (“Clock”)
– Tick-tock rhythm of slow movement

14. Haydn and the Symphony
• No. 94, Movement II
• No. 45, Movement IV

15. The Last Movement:
Haydn’s Concerto for Trumpet and Rondo Form
• Thirty-five concertos by Haydn
• Trumpet concerto: experimental instrument,
keyed trumpet
– highly lyrical melodies, virtuosic passages
– 1800 first performance; manuscript lost until 1929
– Haydn’s last orchestral work

16. Concerto for Trumpet in E-flat
Third Movement-Rondo(1796)
• Composed in 1796 for keyed trumpet
• Virtuoso-Anton Weidinger
• Exciting to listen to
– Brilliant trumpet sound
– Happy quality
– Rondo form
– Rondo contains both old and new ideas

17. • Rondo: recurring musical idea, refrain (A)
• (A-B-A-C-A) symmetrical, balanced
• (A-B-A-C-A-B-A) sonata-rondo
– combines sonata-allegro form and rondo
The Last Movement:
Haydn’s Concerto for Trumpet and Rondo Form

18. Trumpet Concerto in Eb Major
Movement III
• Movement III

20. by
Kristine Forney
Andrew Dell’Antonio
Joseph Machlis
Lecture Slides
THIRD EDITION
THE ENJOYMENT OF MUSIC
ESSENTIAL LISTENING EDITION
http://wwnorton.com/web/enjoyess2