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PLAY
AND
THEORIES OF PLAY
MAHENDRA RAJAK
(TGT P&HE)
1ST RANK (CGPSC SPORTS OFFICER)
1
2
CONTENT
 PLAY
 IMPORTANT OF PLAY
 THEORIES OF PLAY
 Principle of Surplus Energy
 Anticipatory theory
 Recreational theory
 Re Capitulatory theory
 Cathartic principle
 Psychoanalytic theory
 Theory of social perception
 Game is life principle
 Principle of nature practice
 Theory of cognate perception
 Instinct theory
 Theory of self expression
3
4
PLAY
 "बचपन क
े रोगाणु पत्तियों का प्राकृ तिक खुलासा" - फ्रोबेल
 "अभिव्यक्ति की खुशी क
े भलए तन: शुल्क आत्म-अभिव्यक्ति" - सीहोर
 "मोटर की आदिें और अिीि की आत्मा वितमान में बनी रहिी है।" - हॉल
 "सहज अभ्यास, गंिीर इरादे क
े बबना, गतित्तवधियों का जो बाद में जीवन
क
े भलए आवश्यक होगा" - ग्रोस
5
PLAY
6
PLAY…
क्जस िरह से एक बच्चा अपनी दुतनया की पड़िाल करिा है,
कौशल बनािा है, अपनी कल्पना का अभ्यास करिा है और अनुिव
क
े माध्यम से सीखिा है।
Is the way a child explores his world, builds skills,
exercises his imagination and learns through
experience.
7
IMPORTANT OF PLAY
 Physical Development
 Mental Development
 Social Development
 Emotional Development
 Development of Imagination
 शारीररक त्तवकास
 मानभसक त्तवकास
 सामाक्जक त्तवकास
 िावनात्मक त्तवकास
 कल्पना का त्तवकास
8
IMPORTANT OF PLAY cont…..
 समस्या को सुलझाने क
े कौशल
 ररश्िा मजबूि
 जीवन क
े सबक भसखना
 आवेग तनयंत्रण को बढावा देना
 संचार में सुिार
 Problem solving Skills
 Strengthen Relationship
 Teach Life Lessons
 Promote Impulse Control
 Improve Communication
9
THEORIES OF PLAY
 अतिररति ऊजात का भसदिांि
 ित्तवष्यदशी का भसदिांि
 मनोरंजनात्मक भसदिांि
 पुनः अवलोकन भसदिांि
 त्तवरेचन भसदिांि
 मनोत्तवश्लेषण भसदिांि
 Principle of Surplus Energy
 Anticipatory theory
 Recreational theory
 Re Capitulatory theory
 Cathartic principle
 Psychoanalytic theory
10
THEORIES OF PLAY CONT……
 सामाक्जक िारणा का भसदिांि
 खेल ही जीवन है भसदिांि
 तनसगत अभ्यास का भसदिांि
 संज्ञानी िारणा का भसदिांि
 सहज प्रवृत्ति का भसदिांि
 आत्म अभिव्यक्ति का भसदिांि
 Theory of social perception
 Game is life principle
 Principle of nature practice
 Theory of cognate perception
 Instinct theory
 Theory of self expression
11
अतिरिक्ि ऊर्जा कज सिद्जांि
Principle of Surplus Energy
 Herbert Spencer (1875), ischillar (1873)
 इस िारणा क
े अनुसार व्यक्ति अपनी अतिररति शक्ति का व्यय करने क
े
भलए खेलों की िरफ अग्रसर होिा है ।
 कक बच्चों में इिनी शक्ति होिी है की जो रोजमरात क
े कायत करने क
े
पश्चाि िी बच जािी है और उस बची हुई शक्ति का खेल में उपयोग
होिा है।
 दूसरे शब्दों में कहा जाए कक क्जस प्रकार प्रेशर क
ु कर से अतिररति िाप
भसटी क
े रास्िे बाहर तनकलिी है उसी प्रकार मनुष्य की अतिररति शक्ति
खेलों क
े माध्यम से बाहर तनकलिी है
12
Principle of Surplus Energy
 Herbert Spencer (1875), ischillar (1873)
 According to this belief, a person moves towards sports to spend his
extra power.
 That there is so much power in the children that remains after doing
everyday tasks and that remaining power is used in the game.
 In other words, just as excess steam exits the pressure cooker through
the city, similarly the excess power of the human is discharged through
the games
13
भविष्यदर्शी कज सिद्जांि
Anticipatory theory
 Carl groose (1898) पूवातभ्यास अथवा ित्परिा भसदिांि
 इस िारणा क
े अनुसार खेल मनुष्य क
े ित्तवष्य को दशातिा है अथाति उसे ित्तवष्य में
जीने क
े भलए िैयार करिा है
 इसने 2 पुस्िक
ें भलखी जीवन क्रीडा िथा मानव क्रीडा
 यही वह माध्यम है क्जनक
े दवारा प्रवृत्ति उिर कर बाहर आिी है क्स्थर िथा
आंदोभलि होिी है
 Carl groose ने डात्तवतन क
े त्तवकासवाद क
े भसदिांि को खेल पर लागू कर इसे
जीवन की िैयारी का सािन माना है
 खेल दवारा व्यक्ति का ित्तवष्य प्रतिबबंबबि होिा है।
14
Anticipatory theory
 Carl groose (1898) rehearsal or readiness theory
 According to this belief, the game represents the future of man, that is, prepares him
to live in the future.

 He wrote 2 books Life Sports and Human Sports
 This is the medium through which the tendency comes out and becomes stable and
agitated.
 Carl Groose applied Darwin's theory of evolution to sport as a means of preparing for
life.
 The future of a person is reflected by sport.
15
मनोिांर्नजत्मक सिद्जांि
Recreational theory
 लेजारस (1883), लाडत क
ै म्स िथा जी टी डब्ल्यू पैट्रिक (1916)
 खेल को मनोरंजन की संज्ञा दी है
 मनोरंजन एक मनोिाव है क्जसकी उपक्स्थति ककसी न ककसी प्रकक्रया में अवश्य
होिी है
 खेल थकान दूर करिा है और िाजगी प्रदान करिा है
 पूरे ट्रदन शारीररक या मानभसक कायत करने क
े पश्चाि िी व्यक्ति जब खखलिा
है िो उसकी थकान दूर हो जािी है
 व्यक्ति को आनंद िो भमलिा ही है साथ ही साथ नई शक्ति िी भमलिी है
16
Recreational theory
 Lazarus (1883), Lord Cams and GTW Patrick (1916)
 The game is referred to as entertainment
 Entertainment is an emotion that must have its presence in one process
or the other.
 Sports relieve fatigue and provide freshness
 Even after doing physical or mental work throughout the day, when a
person blossoms, his fatigue disappears.
 A person not only gets pleasure as well as gets new power
17
पुनः अिलोकन सिद्जांि
Re Capitulatory theory
 स्टेनली हॉल (1906) कथा त्तवभलयम वुन्ट
 पूवत अनुिव, पुनः अनुिव
 खेल क
े दवारा व्यक्ति मानव जाति क
े पूवत अनुिवों को कफर से जीने में उपयोग
करिा है
 मानव जाति की प्रारंभिक कक्रयाएं जैसे फ
ें कना लटकना भशकार करना िनुष बाण
का उपयोग करना जंगलों में घूमना आट्रद कक्रयाएं मानव क
े खून में ही बसी हुई
होिी है
 वह इन प्रारंभिक प्रवृत्तियों को छोड़ नहीं पािा बक्ल्क इनकी संिुक्ष्ट चाहिा है
और इस संिुक्ष्ट का सािन है
 खेल यह िारणा ित्तवष्य दशी की िारणा क
े बबल्क
ु ल त्तवपरीि है
 पुनः अवलोकन में खेलो दवारा व्यक्ति अपने प्राचीन को दोहरािा है
18
Re Capitulatory theory
 Stanley Hall (1906) legend William Wunt
 Prior experience
 Through sports, a person uses the former experiences of mankind to
relive life.
 Initial actions of mankind such as throwing, hunting, hunting, using the
bow arrow, walking in the woods, etc. are inhabited by human blood.
 He does not give up these initial tendencies, but wants their satisfaction
and is the means of this satisfaction
 This perception of the game is completely opposite to the perception of
the future
 By replaying the play, the person repeats his ancient
19
वििेचन सिद्जांि
Cathartic Principle
 अरस्िु, Freud (1908)
 शुदिीकरण की िारणा िी कहा जािा है रेचन का अथत शोिन या शुदधिकरण
होिा है
 क्जसका अधिकिर उपयोग संवेगो क
े संदित में ककया जािा है
 त्तवरेचन िारणा की रचना 'दुखांि नाटक' पर है यह नाटक आत्मा का पररष्कार
(नकारना) करिा है इससे िात्पयत यह गलि चीजों का त्तवरोि करिा है
 खेल मनुष्य की मौभलक प्रवृत्तियों जैसे लड़ना क्रोि करना आट्रद का पररष्कार
करिा है
20
Cathartic Principle
 Aristotle, Freud (1908)
 The concept of purification is also called catharsis
means purification or purification.
 Which is mostly used in the context of momentum
 The concept of purgation is based on the 'sad
drama'. This play refines (denies) the soul, meaning it
opposes the wrong things
 The game refines the basic tendencies of humans like
fighting, anger etc.
21
मनोविश्लेषण सिद्जांि
Psychoanalytic Theory
 भसगमंड फ्रायड
 मनोत्तवश्लेषक भसदिांि, रेचक भसदिांि क
े आिार क
े रूप में कायत करिा है इसक
े
अनुसार मनुष्य खेल क
े दवारा अपनी दबी हुई िावनाओं ओर इच्छाओं को पूरा
करिा है
 काम िावनाओं को जीवन की सिी कक्रयाओं का क
ें द्र माना जािा है
 खेलों दवारा व्यक्ति इन्हीं दबी हुई िावनाओं को संिुष्ट करिा है
 त्तवकृ ि रूप से खेल को एक पूनावृत्ति बाध्यिा की क्स्थति बिाया है क्जसमें बालक
तनरंिर अपने ककसी अनुिव को बार-बार दोहराने का इच्छ
ु क होिा है
22
Psychoanalytic Theory
 Sigmund Freud
 Psychoanalytic theory serves as the basis of laxative theory
according to which man fulfills his suppressed feelings and
desires by playing
 Kama emotions are considered the center of all life's
activities
 The person satisfies these buried feelings through sports
 Distortedly, the game has been described as a predatory
obligation in which the child is willing to repeat his
experience repeatedly.
23
िजमजजर्क ्जिणज कज सिद्जांि
Theory of Social Perception
 अरस्िु
 खेल को मनुष्य क
े सामाक्जक व्यवहार का एक अत्यंि महत्वपूणत िाग
माना है
 खेल मनुष्य का सामाक्जकरण करिा है खेल क
े माध्यम से व्यक्ति को
मान्यिा भमलिी है िथा वह समाज में एक प्रतिक्ष्िि स्थान प्राप्ि करिा है
 समाज में रहना भसखािा है और समाज में स्वीकृ ति प्राप्ि करने का िी
पूणत प्रदान करिा है।
24
Theory of Social Perception
 Aristotle
 Sports is considered an extremely important part of
human social behavior
 Sports socialize human beings Through sports, a
person gets recognition and he attains a prestigious
place in society.
 Teaches to live in the society and also provides the
fullest to achieve acceptance in the society.
25
खेल ही र्ीिन है सिद्जांि
Game is life Principle
 जॉन ड्यूई
 जान डीवी कक्रया को जीवन का क
ें द्र मानिे हैं और यह कक्रया खेल पर आिाररि
होिी है
 जीविारी होने क
े कारण मनुष्य प्राकृ तिक रूप से ित्पर रहिा है बुदधि काल में
उसकी ित्परिा खेलों क
े रूप में होिी है
 खेल जीवन िर त्तवभिन्न रूप िारण करक
े मनुष्य की सकक्रयिा को बनाए रखिे हैं
 जैसे-जैसे मनुष्य बड़ा होिा है वैसे वैसे ही खेलों का रूप बदलिा है।
26
Game is life Principle
 John dewy
 Jaan considers DV action as the center of life and
this action is based on sports.
 Being a creature, a man is naturally ready, and in
the era of intelligence, his readiness is in the form
of games.
 Sports maintain human activity by taking various
forms throughout life
 As man grows up, so does the form of games.
27
तनिर्ा अभ्यजि कज सिद्जांि
Principle of Nature Practice
रूसो है 1762
खेल िथा भशक्षा क
े बीच संबंि
कक बच्चे अपने त्तवकास क
े दौरान त्तवभिन्न अवस्थाओं से गुजरिे हैं क्जसमें भशक्षा िी एक
अवस्था है
खेल नैसधगतक प्रकृ ति है िथा प्रकृ ति ने इसे शरीर क
े साथ-साथ इंट्रद्रयों क
े त्तवकास क
े सािन
क
े रूप में प्रस्िुि ककया है
बच्चों की भशक्षा खेल क
े ही माध्यम से होनी चाट्रहए उनका त्तवश्वास था कक बच्चे चाहे जो
िी खेल खेले उसमें कहीं ना कहीं अनुदेश या भशक्षा का ित्व अवश्य तछपा हुआ होिा है
खेल खेल में जो बच्चे सीखिे हैं वह कक्षा क
े अंदर होने वाली पढाई से अधिक मूल्यवान
होिा है
त्तवभलयम मैकडूगल - खेल एक सामाक्जक कक्रया है क्जसकी जड़ें तनसगो (जो प्राणी व्यवहार
क
े मूल चालक होिे हैं) मैं क्स्थति होिी है
28
Principle of Nature Practice
 Russo is 1762
 Relationship between sports and education
 That children go through various stages during their development in
which education is also a stage
 The game is a natural nature and nature has presented it as a means
of development of the body as well as the senses.
 Education of children should be done through sports. They believed that
whatever the game the children played, there must be some element of
instruction or education hidden somewhere.
 Children who learn in sports are more valuable than classroom learning
 William McDougall - Game is a social action that has its roots in the
nature (which is the basic driver of animal behavior)
29
िांज्ञजनी ्जिणज कज सिद्जांि
Theory of Cognate Perception
जीन त्तपयाजे
खेल िथा मानव बुदधि क
े मध्यम गहरा संबंि पाया
खेल का आरंि मनुष्य क
े संवेदी गामक त्तवकास कक्रया से होिा है
खेल से ही बालक बाह्य वािावरण से अपना संबंि स्थात्तपि करिा है
बालकों को खेल से सकारात्मक आनंद प्राप्ि होिा है।
30
Theory of Cognate Perception
 Jean Piaget
 Found a deep connection between sports and human
intelligence
 The game begins with human sensory development
 From the game itself, the child establishes his relation
with the external environment.
 Boys derive positive pleasure from sports.
31
आत्म असभव्यजक्ि कज सिद्जांि
Theory of Self Expression
लेंज िथा कलेपाड़ी
अंह अभिव्यक्ति
प्रकृ ति की दृक्ष्ट से खेल दवारा अंह को पूणतिा प्रदान की जािी है
अंह िथा शेष व्यक्तित्व क
े कारकों को खेलो दवारा पूणतिा में
पररवतिति करना या त्तवकभसि करना संिव है
32
Theory of Self Expression
 Lange and Kalepadi
 Anh expression
 From the point of view of nature, sports provide
perfection to the body.
 It is possible to change or develop perfection by
playing the factors of body and remaining personality
33
िहर् प्रिृवि कज सिद्जांि
Instinct Theory
 त्तवभलयम मैकडूगल
 समाज मनोत्तवज्ञान
 हमारी सहज प्रवृत्ति ककसी कक्रया क
े भलए प्राथभमक
अभिप्रेरणा का कायत करिी है।
34
Instinct Theory
 William McDougal
 Social psychology
 Our innate instincts act as the primary
motivation for an action.
35
36
Thank You
37

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T - Play & Theories of Play

  • 1. PLAY AND THEORIES OF PLAY MAHENDRA RAJAK (TGT P&HE) 1ST RANK (CGPSC SPORTS OFFICER) 1
  • 2. 2
  • 3. CONTENT  PLAY  IMPORTANT OF PLAY  THEORIES OF PLAY  Principle of Surplus Energy  Anticipatory theory  Recreational theory  Re Capitulatory theory  Cathartic principle  Psychoanalytic theory  Theory of social perception  Game is life principle  Principle of nature practice  Theory of cognate perception  Instinct theory  Theory of self expression 3
  • 4. 4
  • 5. PLAY  "बचपन क े रोगाणु पत्तियों का प्राकृ तिक खुलासा" - फ्रोबेल  "अभिव्यक्ति की खुशी क े भलए तन: शुल्क आत्म-अभिव्यक्ति" - सीहोर  "मोटर की आदिें और अिीि की आत्मा वितमान में बनी रहिी है।" - हॉल  "सहज अभ्यास, गंिीर इरादे क े बबना, गतित्तवधियों का जो बाद में जीवन क े भलए आवश्यक होगा" - ग्रोस 5
  • 7. PLAY… क्जस िरह से एक बच्चा अपनी दुतनया की पड़िाल करिा है, कौशल बनािा है, अपनी कल्पना का अभ्यास करिा है और अनुिव क े माध्यम से सीखिा है। Is the way a child explores his world, builds skills, exercises his imagination and learns through experience. 7
  • 8. IMPORTANT OF PLAY  Physical Development  Mental Development  Social Development  Emotional Development  Development of Imagination  शारीररक त्तवकास  मानभसक त्तवकास  सामाक्जक त्तवकास  िावनात्मक त्तवकास  कल्पना का त्तवकास 8
  • 9. IMPORTANT OF PLAY cont…..  समस्या को सुलझाने क े कौशल  ररश्िा मजबूि  जीवन क े सबक भसखना  आवेग तनयंत्रण को बढावा देना  संचार में सुिार  Problem solving Skills  Strengthen Relationship  Teach Life Lessons  Promote Impulse Control  Improve Communication 9
  • 10. THEORIES OF PLAY  अतिररति ऊजात का भसदिांि  ित्तवष्यदशी का भसदिांि  मनोरंजनात्मक भसदिांि  पुनः अवलोकन भसदिांि  त्तवरेचन भसदिांि  मनोत्तवश्लेषण भसदिांि  Principle of Surplus Energy  Anticipatory theory  Recreational theory  Re Capitulatory theory  Cathartic principle  Psychoanalytic theory 10
  • 11. THEORIES OF PLAY CONT……  सामाक्जक िारणा का भसदिांि  खेल ही जीवन है भसदिांि  तनसगत अभ्यास का भसदिांि  संज्ञानी िारणा का भसदिांि  सहज प्रवृत्ति का भसदिांि  आत्म अभिव्यक्ति का भसदिांि  Theory of social perception  Game is life principle  Principle of nature practice  Theory of cognate perception  Instinct theory  Theory of self expression 11
  • 12. अतिरिक्ि ऊर्जा कज सिद्जांि Principle of Surplus Energy  Herbert Spencer (1875), ischillar (1873)  इस िारणा क े अनुसार व्यक्ति अपनी अतिररति शक्ति का व्यय करने क े भलए खेलों की िरफ अग्रसर होिा है ।  कक बच्चों में इिनी शक्ति होिी है की जो रोजमरात क े कायत करने क े पश्चाि िी बच जािी है और उस बची हुई शक्ति का खेल में उपयोग होिा है।  दूसरे शब्दों में कहा जाए कक क्जस प्रकार प्रेशर क ु कर से अतिररति िाप भसटी क े रास्िे बाहर तनकलिी है उसी प्रकार मनुष्य की अतिररति शक्ति खेलों क े माध्यम से बाहर तनकलिी है 12
  • 13. Principle of Surplus Energy  Herbert Spencer (1875), ischillar (1873)  According to this belief, a person moves towards sports to spend his extra power.  That there is so much power in the children that remains after doing everyday tasks and that remaining power is used in the game.  In other words, just as excess steam exits the pressure cooker through the city, similarly the excess power of the human is discharged through the games 13
  • 14. भविष्यदर्शी कज सिद्जांि Anticipatory theory  Carl groose (1898) पूवातभ्यास अथवा ित्परिा भसदिांि  इस िारणा क े अनुसार खेल मनुष्य क े ित्तवष्य को दशातिा है अथाति उसे ित्तवष्य में जीने क े भलए िैयार करिा है  इसने 2 पुस्िक ें भलखी जीवन क्रीडा िथा मानव क्रीडा  यही वह माध्यम है क्जनक े दवारा प्रवृत्ति उिर कर बाहर आिी है क्स्थर िथा आंदोभलि होिी है  Carl groose ने डात्तवतन क े त्तवकासवाद क े भसदिांि को खेल पर लागू कर इसे जीवन की िैयारी का सािन माना है  खेल दवारा व्यक्ति का ित्तवष्य प्रतिबबंबबि होिा है। 14
  • 15. Anticipatory theory  Carl groose (1898) rehearsal or readiness theory  According to this belief, the game represents the future of man, that is, prepares him to live in the future.   He wrote 2 books Life Sports and Human Sports  This is the medium through which the tendency comes out and becomes stable and agitated.  Carl Groose applied Darwin's theory of evolution to sport as a means of preparing for life.  The future of a person is reflected by sport. 15
  • 16. मनोिांर्नजत्मक सिद्जांि Recreational theory  लेजारस (1883), लाडत क ै म्स िथा जी टी डब्ल्यू पैट्रिक (1916)  खेल को मनोरंजन की संज्ञा दी है  मनोरंजन एक मनोिाव है क्जसकी उपक्स्थति ककसी न ककसी प्रकक्रया में अवश्य होिी है  खेल थकान दूर करिा है और िाजगी प्रदान करिा है  पूरे ट्रदन शारीररक या मानभसक कायत करने क े पश्चाि िी व्यक्ति जब खखलिा है िो उसकी थकान दूर हो जािी है  व्यक्ति को आनंद िो भमलिा ही है साथ ही साथ नई शक्ति िी भमलिी है 16
  • 17. Recreational theory  Lazarus (1883), Lord Cams and GTW Patrick (1916)  The game is referred to as entertainment  Entertainment is an emotion that must have its presence in one process or the other.  Sports relieve fatigue and provide freshness  Even after doing physical or mental work throughout the day, when a person blossoms, his fatigue disappears.  A person not only gets pleasure as well as gets new power 17
  • 18. पुनः अिलोकन सिद्जांि Re Capitulatory theory  स्टेनली हॉल (1906) कथा त्तवभलयम वुन्ट  पूवत अनुिव, पुनः अनुिव  खेल क े दवारा व्यक्ति मानव जाति क े पूवत अनुिवों को कफर से जीने में उपयोग करिा है  मानव जाति की प्रारंभिक कक्रयाएं जैसे फ ें कना लटकना भशकार करना िनुष बाण का उपयोग करना जंगलों में घूमना आट्रद कक्रयाएं मानव क े खून में ही बसी हुई होिी है  वह इन प्रारंभिक प्रवृत्तियों को छोड़ नहीं पािा बक्ल्क इनकी संिुक्ष्ट चाहिा है और इस संिुक्ष्ट का सािन है  खेल यह िारणा ित्तवष्य दशी की िारणा क े बबल्क ु ल त्तवपरीि है  पुनः अवलोकन में खेलो दवारा व्यक्ति अपने प्राचीन को दोहरािा है 18
  • 19. Re Capitulatory theory  Stanley Hall (1906) legend William Wunt  Prior experience  Through sports, a person uses the former experiences of mankind to relive life.  Initial actions of mankind such as throwing, hunting, hunting, using the bow arrow, walking in the woods, etc. are inhabited by human blood.  He does not give up these initial tendencies, but wants their satisfaction and is the means of this satisfaction  This perception of the game is completely opposite to the perception of the future  By replaying the play, the person repeats his ancient 19
  • 20. वििेचन सिद्जांि Cathartic Principle  अरस्िु, Freud (1908)  शुदिीकरण की िारणा िी कहा जािा है रेचन का अथत शोिन या शुदधिकरण होिा है  क्जसका अधिकिर उपयोग संवेगो क े संदित में ककया जािा है  त्तवरेचन िारणा की रचना 'दुखांि नाटक' पर है यह नाटक आत्मा का पररष्कार (नकारना) करिा है इससे िात्पयत यह गलि चीजों का त्तवरोि करिा है  खेल मनुष्य की मौभलक प्रवृत्तियों जैसे लड़ना क्रोि करना आट्रद का पररष्कार करिा है 20
  • 21. Cathartic Principle  Aristotle, Freud (1908)  The concept of purification is also called catharsis means purification or purification.  Which is mostly used in the context of momentum  The concept of purgation is based on the 'sad drama'. This play refines (denies) the soul, meaning it opposes the wrong things  The game refines the basic tendencies of humans like fighting, anger etc. 21
  • 22. मनोविश्लेषण सिद्जांि Psychoanalytic Theory  भसगमंड फ्रायड  मनोत्तवश्लेषक भसदिांि, रेचक भसदिांि क े आिार क े रूप में कायत करिा है इसक े अनुसार मनुष्य खेल क े दवारा अपनी दबी हुई िावनाओं ओर इच्छाओं को पूरा करिा है  काम िावनाओं को जीवन की सिी कक्रयाओं का क ें द्र माना जािा है  खेलों दवारा व्यक्ति इन्हीं दबी हुई िावनाओं को संिुष्ट करिा है  त्तवकृ ि रूप से खेल को एक पूनावृत्ति बाध्यिा की क्स्थति बिाया है क्जसमें बालक तनरंिर अपने ककसी अनुिव को बार-बार दोहराने का इच्छ ु क होिा है 22
  • 23. Psychoanalytic Theory  Sigmund Freud  Psychoanalytic theory serves as the basis of laxative theory according to which man fulfills his suppressed feelings and desires by playing  Kama emotions are considered the center of all life's activities  The person satisfies these buried feelings through sports  Distortedly, the game has been described as a predatory obligation in which the child is willing to repeat his experience repeatedly. 23
  • 24. िजमजजर्क ्जिणज कज सिद्जांि Theory of Social Perception  अरस्िु  खेल को मनुष्य क े सामाक्जक व्यवहार का एक अत्यंि महत्वपूणत िाग माना है  खेल मनुष्य का सामाक्जकरण करिा है खेल क े माध्यम से व्यक्ति को मान्यिा भमलिी है िथा वह समाज में एक प्रतिक्ष्िि स्थान प्राप्ि करिा है  समाज में रहना भसखािा है और समाज में स्वीकृ ति प्राप्ि करने का िी पूणत प्रदान करिा है। 24
  • 25. Theory of Social Perception  Aristotle  Sports is considered an extremely important part of human social behavior  Sports socialize human beings Through sports, a person gets recognition and he attains a prestigious place in society.  Teaches to live in the society and also provides the fullest to achieve acceptance in the society. 25
  • 26. खेल ही र्ीिन है सिद्जांि Game is life Principle  जॉन ड्यूई  जान डीवी कक्रया को जीवन का क ें द्र मानिे हैं और यह कक्रया खेल पर आिाररि होिी है  जीविारी होने क े कारण मनुष्य प्राकृ तिक रूप से ित्पर रहिा है बुदधि काल में उसकी ित्परिा खेलों क े रूप में होिी है  खेल जीवन िर त्तवभिन्न रूप िारण करक े मनुष्य की सकक्रयिा को बनाए रखिे हैं  जैसे-जैसे मनुष्य बड़ा होिा है वैसे वैसे ही खेलों का रूप बदलिा है। 26
  • 27. Game is life Principle  John dewy  Jaan considers DV action as the center of life and this action is based on sports.  Being a creature, a man is naturally ready, and in the era of intelligence, his readiness is in the form of games.  Sports maintain human activity by taking various forms throughout life  As man grows up, so does the form of games. 27
  • 28. तनिर्ा अभ्यजि कज सिद्जांि Principle of Nature Practice रूसो है 1762 खेल िथा भशक्षा क े बीच संबंि कक बच्चे अपने त्तवकास क े दौरान त्तवभिन्न अवस्थाओं से गुजरिे हैं क्जसमें भशक्षा िी एक अवस्था है खेल नैसधगतक प्रकृ ति है िथा प्रकृ ति ने इसे शरीर क े साथ-साथ इंट्रद्रयों क े त्तवकास क े सािन क े रूप में प्रस्िुि ककया है बच्चों की भशक्षा खेल क े ही माध्यम से होनी चाट्रहए उनका त्तवश्वास था कक बच्चे चाहे जो िी खेल खेले उसमें कहीं ना कहीं अनुदेश या भशक्षा का ित्व अवश्य तछपा हुआ होिा है खेल खेल में जो बच्चे सीखिे हैं वह कक्षा क े अंदर होने वाली पढाई से अधिक मूल्यवान होिा है त्तवभलयम मैकडूगल - खेल एक सामाक्जक कक्रया है क्जसकी जड़ें तनसगो (जो प्राणी व्यवहार क े मूल चालक होिे हैं) मैं क्स्थति होिी है 28
  • 29. Principle of Nature Practice  Russo is 1762  Relationship between sports and education  That children go through various stages during their development in which education is also a stage  The game is a natural nature and nature has presented it as a means of development of the body as well as the senses.  Education of children should be done through sports. They believed that whatever the game the children played, there must be some element of instruction or education hidden somewhere.  Children who learn in sports are more valuable than classroom learning  William McDougall - Game is a social action that has its roots in the nature (which is the basic driver of animal behavior) 29
  • 30. िांज्ञजनी ्जिणज कज सिद्जांि Theory of Cognate Perception जीन त्तपयाजे खेल िथा मानव बुदधि क े मध्यम गहरा संबंि पाया खेल का आरंि मनुष्य क े संवेदी गामक त्तवकास कक्रया से होिा है खेल से ही बालक बाह्य वािावरण से अपना संबंि स्थात्तपि करिा है बालकों को खेल से सकारात्मक आनंद प्राप्ि होिा है। 30
  • 31. Theory of Cognate Perception  Jean Piaget  Found a deep connection between sports and human intelligence  The game begins with human sensory development  From the game itself, the child establishes his relation with the external environment.  Boys derive positive pleasure from sports. 31
  • 32. आत्म असभव्यजक्ि कज सिद्जांि Theory of Self Expression लेंज िथा कलेपाड़ी अंह अभिव्यक्ति प्रकृ ति की दृक्ष्ट से खेल दवारा अंह को पूणतिा प्रदान की जािी है अंह िथा शेष व्यक्तित्व क े कारकों को खेलो दवारा पूणतिा में पररवतिति करना या त्तवकभसि करना संिव है 32
  • 33. Theory of Self Expression  Lange and Kalepadi  Anh expression  From the point of view of nature, sports provide perfection to the body.  It is possible to change or develop perfection by playing the factors of body and remaining personality 33
  • 34. िहर् प्रिृवि कज सिद्जांि Instinct Theory  त्तवभलयम मैकडूगल  समाज मनोत्तवज्ञान  हमारी सहज प्रवृत्ति ककसी कक्रया क े भलए प्राथभमक अभिप्रेरणा का कायत करिी है। 34
  • 35. Instinct Theory  William McDougal  Social psychology  Our innate instincts act as the primary motivation for an action. 35
  • 36. 36