1. Overload occurs when the training load exceeds an individual's capacity, disturbing their physiological and psychological functions. 2. If overload continues for a long period, it can decrease performance as full recovery does not occur each day, leading to accumulated fatigue. 3. To improve performance, the training load must be progressively increased over time through methods like increasing intensity, volume, exercise variety, or training frequency while allowing for adequate adaptation to the increased load.

1. Prof. Dr. A.MAHABOOBJAN
Bharathidasan University,
Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India.

2. Over Load
 During training of sports persons, load is given to the players
according to their capacity. Whenever this load goes beyond
the capacity of an individual, the physiological and
psychological functions get disturbed. Though this increased
load does not affect the sports person immediately, if the
administration of the overload continues for a longer period, it
results in decrease of his/her performance.
 It is a state of psychological and physiological deterioration
resulting in decrease in performance capacity.
 It is the state of decrease in performance capacity.
 A sportsman has to tolerance not only training load but also he
has to tackle other than training.
Eg. Study, family, profession load etc..

3. When the total load per day is optimum, the
performance capacity improves steadily, but when
the total load is beyond his capacity to tolerance,
then full recovery cannot take place after each
day’s training. Therefore, from day to day there is
accumulation of fatigue with the result that the
performance capacity starts decreasing.

4. Progression of Load
To improve the performance, the load should
be increased from time to time.
Eg. Intensity, volume or both ; change of
physical exercise ; ground and surface ;
training frequency.

5. Methods of Progressive TRAINING
1. Linear Method
2. Step Method
3. Fluctuation Method

6. Methods of Progressive Cond…
1. Linear Method: Load may be increase session to
session. The children and beginners can use this method.
2. Step Method: Load may be increase step by step and
maintained few training session. When the load is
adopted the load may be increased.
3. Fluctuation Method: Load may be increase flexibly and
maintained few training session. When the load is
adopted the load may be increased. If the load is not
adopted load may be decreased. After adaptation again
the load should be increased.

7. Principles of Over Load
 The Overload Principle is a basic sports fitness
training concept. It means that in order to improve,
athletes must continually work harder as they their
bodies adjust to existing workouts.
 The body reacts to the stress and stimuli. If you want
to improve you must increase the amount of stress and
stimuli.
 This can be achieved by increasing the frequency,
intensity or duration of training.

8. Causes of Over Load
 Major Error in Training
 Way of Living
 Environment
 Health Disturbance

9. Causes of Over Load Cond…
 Major Error in Training:
 In sufficient recovery
 Rapid increase of load without adaptation
 Too high volume of loads
 Too high intensity

10. Causes of Over Load Cond…
 Way of Living:
 In sufficient night sleep
 Irregular daily routine
 Excessive use of alcohols, tobacco etc..
 Bad living condition
 In sufficient leisure time/rest
 Un balanced diet
 Excessive Tea or coffee

11. Causes of Over Load Cond…
 Environment:
 Over stress
 Professional problems
 Tension
 High load due to job
 Mental stress due to study
 Poor result in exams and test

12. Causes of Over Load Cond…
 Health Disturbance:
 Fever, infections and illness.

13. Symptoms of Over Load
1.Physiological Symptoms
(i) Movement Co-ordination
2.Performance Symptoms (ii) Conditional Ability
(iii) Competition Qualities
3.Somatic- Functional Symptoms

14. Symptoms of Over Load Cond…
1. Physiological Symptoms:
 Increased excitability
 Quarrel some
 Less contact with coach and colleagues
 Increased sensitivity to criticism
 Depression, uneasiness
 Not at peace with himself
 Loss of confidence
 Loss of motivation

15. 2. Performance Symptoms:
(i) Movement Co-ordination
 Less co-ordination
 Increased movement error
 Decreased concentration
 Decrease correction ability
 Decreased differentiation ability

16. (ii) Conditional Ability
 Decrease in conditional abilities
 Slow recovery
(iii) Competition Qualities
 Decreased competition readiness
 Inability to face difficult situations
 Demoralized increase tendency to
surrender in a competition

17. 3. Somatic- Functional Symptoms
 Loss of sleep
 Loss of appetite
 Loss of weight
 Disturbance of digestion
 Sweating easily
 Increase susceptibility to injuries and sensitive
to criticism
 Decreased in vital capacity
 Slower pulse recovery

18. Remedies of Over Load
(Tackling of over load)
 Increase all the means of recovery
 Training load should be considerably reduced
 Competition and trails should be avoided
 Additional means like diet, physiotherapy, massage,
yoga, progressive relaxation technique should be
adopted
 Sportsman must medically examined

19. Remedies of Over Load Cond…
 Cases of over load should be removed
 Total load should be reduced
 Meeting with players parents, friend and other
important members connected should be arranged
 Finally the training should be started again with
revised training plan with less load.

20. Adaptation Process and Training Load
 Adaptation is defined as the adjustment of physical
and psychological functional systems to the training
load.
 Adaptation to a load results in the enhancement of
performance capacity. Thus, a sports person is able to
increase his/her performance as a result of adaptation
process.
 Adaptation process demands that a sports person
maintains regularity in training. If a sports person is
exposed to new and unfamiliar load in a systematic
planned way the adaptation process will be faster.