The study of energy in living systems (environments) and the organisms (plants and animals) that utilize them. I'm a st.Xavier's student . i think this ppt will be helpful to the others. Because this is needed in our daily life.

1. BIOENERGETICS
MOHIT ROY
BIOTECHNOLOGY 2ND YEAR
St.Xavier’s College,Burdwan

2. What is Bioenergetics ?
o The study of energy in living systems
(environments) and the organisms
(plants and animals) that utilize them.
o Energy
Required by all organisms
May be kinetic or potential energy

3. Kinetic Energy
oEnergy of
motion
oHeat and
light energy
are
examples

4. Potential Energy
oEnergy of
position
oIncludes
energy
stored in
chemical
bonds

5. Bioenergetics
o Bioenergetics is the part of biochemistry
concerned with the energy involved in making and
breaking of chemical bonds in the molecules
found in biological organisms.
o Growth, development and metabolism are some
of the central phenomena in the study of biological
organisms. The role of energy is fundamental to
such biological processes .The ability to harness
energy from a variety of metabolic pathways is a
property of all living organisms.

6. Bioenergetics
o It is the quantitative study of the
energy transductions that occur in
living cells and of the nature and
function of the chemical processes
underlying these transductions .

7. Law of Thermodynamics
• The laws of thermodynamics are
important unifying principles of
biology .These principles govern the
chemical processes (metabolism) in
all biological organisms.

8. First Law-1
• Energy is neither created nor
destroyed.
• or DE = q+w
 DE is the change in the internal energy
and is a state function, i. e.
independent of path.
• q is heat and is not a state function.
• w is work and is not a state function.

9. First Law-2
• Biochemical systems function at constant
pressure, volume, and temperature.
• H(enthalpy) = E + PV or DH = DE
• and DH = q (heat flow)
• The change in enthalpy for a reaction is
calculated using the equation
• DHreactants = DHproducts – DHreactants
• -DH is exothermic +DH is endothermic

10. Second Law
• With a spontaneous reaction, the
entropy of the universe increases.
 DSuniv = DSsystem + Dssurroundings
• In irreversible processes, entropy is a
driving force.

11. Gibb’s Free Energy
• Gibb’s free energy change (DG) is the most
useful thermodynamic function for predicting
reaction spontaneity.
• The two other thermodynamic quantities that
contribute to the value for DG:
• DH=enthalpy change (energy change
measured at constant pressure)
• DS=entropy change (related to the state
of disorder in a system)

12. Gibb’s Free Energy: 2
• The three thermodynamic quantities
are related by the following equation:
 DG = DH -TDSsys
• For biochemists, DG is usually
measured at 25 oC, one atm for a gas,
and at a concentration of 1 M for
solutes except hydronium ion which is
at pH 7.
• These conditions specify a standard
DG represented as DGo’ .

13. ATP:
Energy for Cells

14. ATP Production
o Before cells can use the energy of sunlight or
energy/calories stored in carbohydrates, they must transfer
the energy to molecules of ATP.
o ATP is composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate
groups.
o ATP transfers energy to many different chemical reactions;
almost all metabolic pathways directly or indirectly run on
energy supplied by ATP.
o The actual ATP synthesis is accomplished when H ions that
have been pumped out of the inner mitochondrial
compartment flow back through a channel protein called
ATP synthase.
o The production of ATP is completely dependent on the
supply of oxygen that withdraws the electrons at the end of
the transport system.

15. ATP Production
o The ADP/ATP Cycle
o The ADP/ATP cycle
is a method for
renewing the supply
of ATP that is
constantly being
used up in the cell.
o Energy input
couples inorganic
phosphate to ADP to
from energized ATP.

16. Alternative Energy Sources
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins

17. ATP Production
• Chemical work-supplies energy needed to
synthesize macromolecules that make up
the cell.
• Transport work-supplies the energy
needed to pump substances across the
plasma membrane.
• Mechanical Work- supplies the energy
needed to permit muscle to contact, cilia
and flagella to beat, chromosomes.