Basics of Pelleting
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Brief discussion about poultry feed pelleting
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Basics of Pelleting
- 1. BASICS OF PELLETING Muhammad Arslan Musa M.Sc. (Hons.) Poultry Science arslan2062@gmail.com Muhammad Arslan Musa
- 2. Pelleting ■ Conversion of mash feed into pellets is pelleting ■ Agglomerated feeds formed by extruding individual ingredients or mixtures by compacting and forcing through die openings by any mechanical process” Muhammad Arslan Musa
- 3. Advantages of Pelleting ■ Minimize feed wastage ■ Increased nutrient density and nutrient availability ■ Reduce dustiness and decreased microbial load ■ increase palatability and bulk density ■ Reducing feeding time about 3 times than mash feed ■ Decrease energy loss on prehention Muhammad Arslan Musa
- 5. Pelleting Process ■ Pelleting process involves ■ Conditioning ■ Compression ■ Cooling Muhammad Arslan Musa
- 7. Conditioning ■ Modification of physical properties of mash by steam addition ■ Steam has ability to carry heat and moisture ■ Grains and meals are good insulators of heat ■ Grinding and retention time in conditioner are important ■ Conditioner has usually 1.5 to 4.6 m long with 38-76 cm diameter Muhammad Arslan Musa
- 8. ■ Types of conditioner are 1. Single shaft 2. Double shaft 3. Differential diameter ■ Conditioner shaft speeds varies from 90 to 500 rpm ■ Increase in temperature of 12-15 0C will add 1% moisture to mash ■ High temperature, moisture and retention time gelatinize the starch and activate some binding agents in feed Muhammad Arslan Musa
- 10. Physical Requirements for Conditioning Temperature 80-90 °C Pressure 2-3 bar Retention Time 30- 90 seconds Moisture addition 4-5% Muhammad Arslan Musa
- 12. Compression ■ Die selection usually based on these parameters ■ Die speed (pellet quality decreased by increasing die speed) ■ Number of holes in die (important for production rate) ■ Dimension of die hole (more length with less diameter produce more hard pellet) ■ Die maintenance (should be properly maintained for better pellet quality) Muhammad Arslan Musa
- 14. Cooling ■ Added moisture and heat is removed from pellets in cooler ■ Reduce temperature from about 85 0C to above 5-8 0C from atmospheric temperature ■ Usually, removes 4-6 % moisture ■ Recommended air for 1-ton pellets is 3000-5000 cubic meter with air speed of 25 meter per second Muhammad Arslan Musa
- 15. Cooler Types ■ Horizontal (moving bed) ■ Vertical (2 columns of pellet moving down) ■ Counter-flow Muhammad Arslan Musa
- 16. Factors Affecting Moisture Removal in Cooler ■ Initial moisture of pellets ■ Temperature difference ■ Moisture difference of pellets and air ■ Air flow rate ■ Retention time ■ Diameter of pellet ■ Fat coating on pellets ■ Porosity of pellets Muhammad Arslan Musa
- 17. Crumbler ■ Used to making crumbs by crushing the pellets ■ Consists one or two sets of rolls that rotates in opposite direction with different speed ■ Crumbs size can be increased or decreased by increasing or decreasing the gap between two rolls Muhammad Arslan Musa
- 19. Size reduction of pellets in crumbler depends on ■ Material quality ■ Difference in speed of counter-rotated rolls ■ Corrugation type ■ Roll gap adjustment ■ Material volume fed to crumbler Muhammad Arslan Musa