The document discusses issues related to Iran and North Korea's nuclear programs. For Iran, it outlines the country's history of nuclear development since the 1950s under the Shah, the suspension after the 1979 revolution, and renewed activities. It describes international sanctions and the 2015 nuclear deal, as well as US opposition. For North Korea, it provides background on the country's division after WWII and tensions with the US. It notes North Korea's nuclear tests and the goal of reunification amidst the crisis.

1. NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION
SUB TOPIC: IRAN AND NORTH
KOREA
By: MEHARWAR NAJAM

2. CONTENTS
• Iran and nuclear proliferation
• Iran and global world
• Us interests and opposition
• Nuclear weapon free zone in middle east
• Saudi Arab and Israel response
• NORTH KOREA AND US ISSUES
• CHINA ROLE?

3. IRAN AND NUCLEAR
PROLIFERATION
• Iran has been a non-nuclear weapon state party to the treaty on
the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons since 1970
• Has an advance nuclear programme subjected to international
sanctions from 2002 until implementation of comprehensive
nuclear deal began since 2016
• Iran is not a member of MTCR and is actively working to
acquire, develop and deploy a broad range of ballistic missiles
and space launch capabilities

4. Mohamed reza shah initiated
Iran's nuclear program during
1950
Assistance from U.S atoms
for peace program
Shah had ambitious to
construct 20 nuclear power
reactors

5. After Islamic revolution in 1979
Ayatollah Khomeini deemed the
nuclear program as ‘un-Islamic’
Terminated it as Shah was deposed
and then continued building
reactors
Iran has complete nuclear fuel cycle
capabilities, in 2015 Iran has 20000
gas centrifuges at 3 major facilities

6. IAEA INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY
AGENCY
• They found Iran in non-compliance with its
comprehensive safeguards agreement in 2005
• Un security council passed 7 resolutions
demanding that Iran halt its enrichment
activities

7. P5+1 made
attempt to
negotiate on
dispute
P5+1 AND IRAN
yielded the joint
comprehensive
plan of action in
July 2015
25 year nuclear
agreement
limiting Iran
nuclear
capacity

8. 2016 all nuclear
related
sanctions were
lifted
Us president
Donald trump
campaigned on
a promise
“to dismantle
the …. Deal
with Iran”

9. TRUMP left it to congress to re-impose
nuclear sanctions against Iran
Iran announced
that he will not re-
negotiate with
JCPOA and intend
to continue to
uphold the deal

10. IRAN AND GLOBAL WORLD
• Since 1980s Israel , US and western states have accused
Iran of pursuing nuclear weapons
• Iran denied these accusations and claimed that their
nuclear program is designed for civilian purpose not
,military ones.
• Iranian case represent one of the most serious
challenges to global nonproliferation regime today

11. Argument is two fold
For more than 2 decades
Iran has invested human
and financial resources in
its nuclear program
A successful strategy to deal Iran's
nuclear ambition will have to address
both supply and demand
Pressuring foreign governments to
stop cooperating is not enough
Improving Persian gulf and ME
security will reduce Tehran’s
incentive to purse nuclear capability
It requires close cooperation between
all major global powers

12. George perkovich concludes:
“ it is too politically naïve to
expect Iran to give up its nuclear
program”

13. NUCLEAR WEAPON FREE ZONE IN
ME
• Iran supported nuclear weapon free zone in M-
E
• The concerns grew over Israel nuclear weapon
program
• Iran proposed this concept in UN general
assembly

14. WHY US DON’T WANT IRAN'S
NUCLEAR PROGRAM
Aggressive
foreign policy
Accusations for State
sponsor terrorism.. could
potentially share its weapons
with extremists groups
Threat to
American ally in
ME like Israel and
Saudi Arab UAE
etc.
Nuclear armed Iran
would spark a nuclear
arms race in ME and will
destabilize the region

15. SAUDI ARAB ?
• Very important consequence of the Iran nuclear deal has been to
intensify Saudi Arabia’s concerns about Iran’s regional goals and
intentions.
• This fueling of Saudi fears has in turn fanned sectarian tensions
in the region to unprecedented levels.
• In Saudi eyes it actually makes the situation worse, because
lifting sanctions removed Iran’s isolation as a rogue state and
gives it more income. Iran’s ambition to be the region’s hegemon
is fueled not reduced by the deal.

16. ISRAEL
• Israel fear is that Iran's development will move
it closer to becoming nuclear threshold state
and will be a threat to Israel interests
• Nuclear Iran endangers its decades-old
strategy to establishing itself as an
“UNRIVALLED MILITARY POWER IN ME”
• Limited ability to strike irans allies like
Lebanese Hezbollah a foe of Israel

17. Iran will be able to intensify its support for
Palestine resistance group like Hamas ;
Israel tensions with Iran at one side and
with resistance group at other might
escalate to nuclear standoff with Iran… US
have incentive to force Israel to solve its
conflict with Palestinians which they
opposed till now

18. NORTH
KOREA

19. End of WORLD
WAR-2 imperial
japan dismantled
COLD-WAR
Split of Korea into 2
regions with
different
governments
KOREAN WAR 1950-
53
South supported by
US, North supported
by soviet union
Formation of Korean
demilitarized zone as
an agreement
DIVISION OF KOREA

20. NORTH KOREA AND US
TENSIONS
• Hostile relation developed during Korean war
• The Axis of EVIL
• No formal diplomatic relations ; Sweden act as a
medium for consular matters
• Us strong military presence in south Korea
• Us consider de jure south Korea as sole legitimate
representative of Korea

21. CONTINUE
• Us installed anti-missiles in south Korea
• North Korea wanted weapon to maintain
superiority over south
• North Korea did 6 nuclear successful tests
• They want reunification in a unilateral manner
• China a key ally should help to resolve issue
and find a way to crisis

22. THANK YOU!