A significant topic on research methodology course of education.

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RESEARCH
What is research ?
Research
• A process of collecting, analyzing
and interpreting of data to address
societal problems.
• A systematic process to define
findings.
• Fact finder (oxford)

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Based on; Data * Qualitative research:
* Quantitative research
* Mixed research
collection…
Research

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Qualitative research;
 when the researcher try to understand the view,
perception and opinion of its participants.
 (can be used; interview, FGD, observation etc.)
Quantitative research;
 when the researcher deals with numbers and variables.
 Emphasizes with numerical data. ( can be used
experimental data)
Research

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• Combines or associates both Qualitative and
Quantitative forms.
• Thus, it is more than simply collecting and analyzing
both kinds of data.
• Strength of a study is greater than either qualitative
or quantitative research.
Mixed research;

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* Exploratory
. research;
* Descriptive
. research;
* Explanatory
. research;
Purpose
Based -on
Research

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Exploratory research;
• when the research is about a new topic;
• to explore and develop new methods, ideas and techniques.
Descriptive research;
• to describe the Ch-x of the population of a research area or
phenomena. Used to show the social setting.
Explanatory research;
• tends to answer the question why. Used to elaborate why
things happen. Research

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Based on the goals;
Theoretical research;
• To discover new ideas
• It has no practical significance
• It is all about to generate knowledge and data
collection is for the sake of collecting new facts.
Applied research ;
• To solve practical problems ( addressing social
problems)
• Divided in to two;
Technological; deals with technological issues.
Scientific; deals with variable issues

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Based on objectives;
Fundamental research;
• Aimed of improving scientific theories for
better understanding and prediction of
natural or other phenomena.
Action research ;
• To research involves working independently
on a project (practical use)
 They are basically they are interchangeably with those of
classified by goals.

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Based – on
their
Approach
Research
* Longitudinal
. Research approach
* Cross-sectional
. research approach;

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Longitudinal research;
• Correlational research Involves looking at variables
over an extended period of time.
• Can be taken over a weeks, months, years or even a
decades. (eg. Development. )
Cross-sectional research ;
• A type of observational research used to analyzes data
of variables collected at one given point in time across
a sample population.
• Observation of many different individuals at one time.
( eg. Gross annual income of households)
Research

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Based on the degree of variables;
Research
Experimental research;
• Scientific approach using two sets of variables.
• The first set acts as a constant, which you use to
measure the differences of the second set.
Non-experimental research;
• A study when a researcher can not control,
manipulate or alter the predictor variable or subjects,
• But instead, relies on interpretation, observation or
interactions to come to a conclusion.