This document summarizes different types of network transmission modes, signals, and networking concepts. It describes simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex transmission modes. It also defines analog and digital signals, and discusses the internet, intranets, MAC addresses, NICs, LANs, MANs, CANs, and WANs. The document concludes by covering the differences between IP and MAC addresses, physical versus logical addresses, IP address classes, and thanking the reader.

1. Assignment – 2 (CSE 313)
To
Pranab Bandhu Nath
Lecturer
Dep:- CSE
City University
By
Md. Emon Rabbani
ID: 1834902101
Dep:- CSE
Batch:- 49(B)
City University

2. Simplex
In Simplex mode, the communication is
unidirectional, as on a one-way street. Only one of
the two devices on a link can transmit, the other
can only receive. The simplex mode can use the
entire capacity of the channel to send data in one
direction.

3. Half-Duplex
The communication between sender and receiver occurs in both
directions in half duplex transmission, but only one at a time. The
sender and receiver can both send and receive the information, but only
one is allowed to send at any given time. Half duplex is still considered
a one-way road, in which a vehicle traveling in the opposite direction of
the traffic has to wait till the road is empty before it can pass through.

4. Full Duplex
In full duplex transmission mode, the communication between sender
and receiver can occur simultaneously. The sender and receiver can both
transmit and receive at the same time. Full duplex transmission mode is
like a two-way road, in which traffic can flow in both directions at the
same time.

5. Signal
Signals are the electric or electromagnetic impulses used to encode and
transmit data. Data is then transmitted through some medium, such as a
cable or the airwaves. The receiving node then reverses the conversion
and turns the electronic pulses or waveforms back into the 0's and 1's
that represent the original data.
 Analog signal
 Digital signal

6. Analog signal
An analog or analogue signal is any continuous signal for which the time
varying feature (variable) of the signal is a representation of some other
time varying quantity, i.e., analogous to another time varying signal. It
differs from a digital signal in terms of small fluctuations in the signal
which are meaningful.

7. Digital signal
A digital signal is a signal that represents data as a sequence of discrete
values. A digital signal can only take on one value from a finite set of
possible values at a given time. With digital signals, the physical quantity
representing the information can be many things: Variable electric
current or voltage.

8. Internet
The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected
computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to
communicate between networks and devices.

9. Intranet
An intranet can be defined as a private network used by an organization.
Its primary purpose is to help employees securely communicate with
each other, to store information, and to help collaborate.

10. MAC Address
A media access control address (MAC address) is a unique identifier
assigned to a network interface controller (NIC) for use as a network
address in communications within a network segment.

11. NIC
NIC is an acronym for Network interface controller, but it can also be
known as a network adapter or LAN network. It is a piece of computer
hardware, used for connecting a computer to a network, either through
cables or wirelessly.

12. Local Area Network (LAN)
Local Area Network is a group of computers connected to each other in a
small area such as building, office.

13. MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)
A metropolitan area network is a network that covers a larger geographic
area by interconnecting a different LAN to form a larger network.

14. CAN (Campus Area Network)
A campus area network (CAN) is a computer network that spans a limited
geographic area. CANs interconnect multiple local area networks (LAN)
within an educational or corporate campus. Most CANs connect to the
public Internet.

15. WAN(Wide Area Network)
A Wide Area Network is a network that extends over a large geographical
area such as states or countries.

16. Hub – A hub is basically a multiport repeater. A hub connects multiple
wires coming from different branches.
Switch – A switch is a multiport bridge with a buffer and a design that
can boost its efficiency(a large number of ports imply less traffic) and
performance.
Routers – A router is a device like a switch that routes data packets
based on their IP addresses. The router is mainly a Network Layer device.

17. Difference between IP and MAC

18. Physical Address and Logical Address
Physical Address :- The physical address can not be accessed directly by
the customer.
Logical Address :- The logical address is a virtual address that the user
can access.

19. Addressing
Class A – 1-126
Class B – 128-191
Class C – 192-223
Class D – 224-239
Class E – 240-255

20. Thank You