3. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
• promote the ICD framework of Vice President-Secretary
Sara Z. Duterte as key for improved operations to the
field;
• contribute to the realization of the BEDP 2030 and BER
2023 by empowering officials and workforce of each
governance level to translate integrity, competence, and
diligence into their respective roles and functions;
3
4. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 4
` 2022
As of October 28, 2022
Governance Level No. of Offices
Number of Plantilla
Items based on GMIS
Contract of Service as
of Oct. 28, 2022
Central Office
15 Execom Offices
11 Services
7 Bureaus
5 Offices
2 Secretariats
1 Academy
1,300 863
Regional Office
16 Regional Offices
ORD
8 Functional Divisions
2,124
Contract of Service
(MOOE) – 20, 611
LGU Paid (SEF) – 19,432
Schools Division
Offices
217 SDOs
OSDS
2 Functional Divisions
SDO tagged items for non-
IUs
1,0007,671
Schools
47,533 Public Schools
TOTAL 1,011,095
56% of the
Government
Workforce
5. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Directives from VPSD
Transition Management
& Change Initiatives
Management Review
(MR)
with all the Strands,
Bureaus/Services &
Field Offices
Org Structure and
Workforce Alignment
Review
Organization Development is a deliberate planned effort to
increase an organization’s relevance and viability.
It is a framework for change, and often times help us to lead a change.
6. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Curriculum &
Instruction
Osec & Youth
Affairs
Legal Affairs
Finance Human
Resource &
Organizational
Development
Governance
& Field
Operations
Administratio
n
Management Review at Central Office
1.Align based on the
functions and mandates
2.Rationalize the role of
regular & CoS personnel
3.Propose a Functional
structure that can fast track
reforms
6
Legislative Affairs &
Partnerships
7. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
2013
• Approval of
Rationalized
Org Structure
2015-2016
• Transition to
the new Org
Structure
2022-2023
• Review of
Org
Structure
• Preparation
for the
Rightsizing
7
8. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
DepEd Organizational Structure
Based on the Rationalization Program (DepEd Order 52, s.2015)
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
Office of the Secretary Proper
Office of the Undersecretaries
Office of the Assistant Secretaries
Internal
Audit Service
CURRICULUM AND
INSTRUCTION
GOVERNANCE AND
OPERATIONS
LEGAL AND LEGISLATIVE
AFFAIRS
FINANCE AND
ADMINISTRATION
STRATEGIC
MANAGEMENT
Bureau of
Curriculum Development
Bureau of Learner
Support and Services
Legal Service Finance Service Planning Service
Bureau of
Learning Delivery
Bureau of Human Resource
& Organizational Development
Administrative Service Public Affairs Service
Bureau of
Education Assessment
National Educators
Academy of the Philippines
Procurement Service
Information and
Communications Technology
Service
Bureau of
Learning Resources
Project Management
Service
External Partnerships
Service
FIELD OPERATIONS Disaster Risk Reduction
Management Service
- Regional Offices
– Schools Division Offices
– Schools and Learning Centers
Approved: November 2013
Implemented at CO: January 2016 due to
NOSCA issuance, HR actions and physical
transfer
9. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
9
Curriculum and Instruction
Governance and
Operations
Legal and Legislative
Affairs
Finance and
Administration
Strategic Management
Office of the Secretary
10. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
BUREAU OF CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
BUREAU OF EDUCATION
ASSESSMENT
ASEC ALMA RUBY C. TORIO ASEC G.H. S. AMBAT
LEGAL SERVICE
Sites Titling Office
USEC GERARD L. CHAN
EXTERNAL
PARTNERSHIPS
SERVICE
PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
SERVICE
INTERNAL AUDIT SERVICE
PROCUREMENT
MANAGEMENT
SERVICE
PLANNING SERVICE
PUBLIC AFFAIRS SERVICE
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
OFFICE OF CHIEF OF STAFF
USEC. EPIMACO DENSING III
ADMINISTRATION
USEC JOSE ARTURO DE CASTRO
ASEC AMANDA F. NOGRALES
USEC KRISTIAN R. ABLAN
ASEC CHRISTOPHER S. ARNUCO
INFORMATION &
COMMUNICATIONS
TECHNOLOGY
SERVICE
Teachers Camp
(Baguio & Bagabag)
Central Security &
Safety Office
ADMINISTRATIVE
SERVICE
Private Education Office
CURRICULUM &
INSTRUCTION
FINANCE SERVICE
USEC ANNALYN SEVILLA
ASEC OMAR ROMERO
Education Programs
Management Office
Voucher Program
Management Office
FINANCE
GOVERNANCE AND
FIELD OPERATIONS
VICE PRESIDENT SARA Z. DUTERTE
LEGAL
AFFAIRS
LEGISLATIVE
AFFAIRS &
PARTNERSHIPS
BUREAU OF LEARNER
SUPPORT SERVICES
BUREAU OF HUMAN
RESOURCE AND
ORGANIZATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
USEC GLORIA JUMAMIL- MERCADO
HUMAN RESOURCES &
ORGANIZATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
NATIONAL EDUCATORS
ACADEMY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
ASEC DEXTER GALBAN
DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION &
MANAGEMENT
SERVICE
Schools Division Offices
Schools and
Learning Centers
Regional Offices
FIELD OPERATIONS
USEC REVSEE A. ESCOBEDO
ASEC FRANCIS CESAR BRINGAS
YOUTH AFFAIRS &
SPECIAL
CONCERNS
BUREAU OF
LEARNING
DELIVERY
Bureau/ Service
LEGEND:
Strand
Office/ Secretariat
DepEd Order 45, s.2022
Education Facilities
Division
Youth Formation
Division
BUREAU OF LEARNING
RESOURCES
BUREAU OF
ALTERNATIVE
EDUCATION
Teacher Education
Council Secretariat
Indigenous Peoples
Education Office
Literacy Coordinating
Council Secretariat
Legislative Liaison
Office
International
Cooperation Office
Alternative Dispute
Resolution Office
Curriculum and Instruction
Governance and
Operations
Legal and Legislative
Affairs
Finance and
Administration
Strategic Management
Office of the Secretary
Learner Rights &
Protection Office
DepEd-created office
USEC GINA O. GONONG
10
DepEd Reporting Structure
DepEd Order No. 45, s. 2022
11. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
BUREAUOF
CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
BUREAUOF
EDUCATION
ASSESSMENT
ASEC ALMA RUBY
C. TORIO
ASEC G.H. S.
AMBAT
CURRICULUM & TEACHING
BUREAUOF
LEARNING
DELIVERY
BUREAUOF
LEARNING
RESOURCES
BUREAUOF
ALTERNATIVE
EDUCATION
Literacy
Coordinating
Council
Secretariat
USEC GINA O. GONONG USEC GERARD L. CHAN
PROCUREMENT
ASEC OMAR ROMERO
PROCUREMENT
MANAGEMENT
SERVICE
USEC ANNALYNSEVILLA
FINANCE
Education Program
Management Office
PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
SERVICE
Government
Assistance &
Subsidies
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
VICE PRESIDENT SECRETARY SARA Z. DUTERTE
EXTERNAL PARTNERSHIPS SERVICE
PUBLIC AFFAIRS SERVICE
INTERNAL AUDIT SERVICE
STRATEGIC
MANAGEMENT
LEGAL SERVICE
USEC JOSE ARTURO DE CASTRO
ASEC AMANDA F. NOGRALES
LEGAL &
LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS
Legislative Liaison
Office
Sites Titling Office
BUREAUOF HUMAN
RESOURCE AND
ORGANIZATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
HUMAN RESOURCE &
ORGANIZATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
NATIONAL
EDUCATORS
ACADEMY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
Teacher Education
Council Secretariat
USEC GLORIA JUMAMIL- MERCADO
PLANNING SERVICE
School Infrastructure
Program Management
Office
Education
Facilities Division
SCHOOL
INFRASTRUCTURE AND
FACILITIES
USEC EPIMACO DENSING III
Alternative Dispute
Resolution Office
USEC REVSEE A. ESCOBEDO
OPERATIONS
ASEC FRANCIS
CESAR BRINGAS
Schools Division Offices
Schools and
Learning Centers
Regional Offices
ASEC DEXTER GALBAN
DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION &
MANAGEMENT SERVICE
BUREAUOF LEARNER
SUPPORT SERVICES
FIELD
OPERATIONS
ADMINISTRATION
ADMINISTRATIVE
SERVICE
USEC KRISTIAN R. ABLAN
ASEC CHRISTOPHER S. ARNUCO`
INFORMATION &
COMMUNICATIONS
TECHNOLOGY
SERVICE
Teachers Camps
(Baguio &
Bagabag)
Palarong
Pambansa
Secretariat
Private
Education Office
Learner Rights &
Protection Office
FINANCE SERVICE
Indigenous
Peoples Education
Office
CO Library
DepEd Reporting Structure
DepEd Order No. 1, s. 2023
12. ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT
Internal and External Issues (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats and Situational Analysis)
CLIENT
S:
Learners
Relevant
Intereste
d Parties
Holisticall
y
Develope
d
Learners
with 21st
Century
Skills
CORE PROCESSES
Educational Assessment
and Research
Curriculum Management
and Standards
Development
Learning Resource
Management and
Development
Learning Delivery
Management and
Development
SUPPORT PROCESSES
Learners Support
Management
Asset
Manageme
nt
Procurement
Management
Human Resource
Management &
Development
Financial
Manageme
nt
Records
Managemen
t
Legal
Managemen
t
Project
Managemen
t
Public Affairs
Management
Research
Managemen
t
External
Partnership
Management
General
Services
Management
Infrastructure
Management
Disaster Risk
Reduction
Management
ICT
Managemen
t
MANAGEMENT PROCESSES
Plan Formulation Policy
Development
Performance Monitoring
& Evaluation
• Responsive
Curriculum
• Appropriate
Learning
Environment
• Effective
Educational
Research and
Accurate
Educational
Assessment Results
• Accessible Basic
Education Services
• Competent
Teachers
IT System Development, IT Maintenance ○ Janitorial Services ○ Security Services ○ Infrastructure Maintenance ○ Development of Textbooks and
Learning Materials ○ Printing and Delivery of Manuscripts ○ Ground Maintenance ○ Building Construction ○ Other Contracted Services
OUTSOURCED PROCESSES
Relevant
Interested
Parties
Satisfactio
n
Needs and
Expectation
s
Learning/Professional
Development and Management
Data
Information
Management
Organizational
Development
Private Education
Regulations &
Development
DepEd Memorandum No. 14, s.2022
14. ON THE CONDUCT OF BASIC
EDUCATION REPORT 2023
January 10, 2023 - The Department of Education (DepEd) is set to
conduct the Basic Education Report 2023 (BER) on January 30, 2023.
The BER 2023 aims to present the state of basic education in the
country, and the plans and initiatives of the Department to fulfill its
mandate.
The Department intends to provide a broad report about the basic
education sector which will include updates on the on-going review of
the K to 12 curriculum. The BER will also launch the education
agenda and the new call to action for all Filipinos.
16. Make the curriculum
relevant to produce job-
ready, active and
responsible citizens
1. Revise the K to 12 Curriculum to
make them more responsive to
our aspiration as a nation
2. Strengthen our literacy and
numeracy programs
3. Revitalize our Reading, Science
and Technology, and Math
programs
4. Improve English proficiency while
recognizing linguistic diversity
5. Review the implementation of the
Mother Tongue-based Multilingual
Education Policy
6. Intensify the values formation of
learners in curriculum and
teaching
7. Embed the culture of peace in our
curriculum
8. Be transparent with curriculum
guides and test scores
9. Share test items with schools and
teachers to strengthen the use of
assessment
10. Engage with CHED and TESDA,
and various industry partners to
address the issue of skills
mismatch
Take steps to
accelerate delivery of
basic education facilities
and services
1. Created the School Infrastructure
and Facilities Strand
2. Build more resilient schools and
classrooms
3. Close the remaining gaps in school
infrastructure with policies to
eliminate corruption
4. Establish fully-functional library
hubs
5. Provide schools with electricity
6. Provide e-classroom packages for
teaching and learning
7. Digitize our essential processes,
including our national assessments
8. Launch our National Education
Portal
9. Strengthen the complementarity
between public and private schools
10. Work closely with Congress in
pushing for the expansion of
GASTPE coverage to include
kindergarten and elementary
learners.
11. Support BARMM School Building
Program and GASTPE direction.
12. Creation of the Procurement Strand
Take good care of
learners by promoting
learner well-being,
inclusive education and
positive learning
environment
1. Provide education to children and
youth in situations of disadvantage
2. Strengthen and institutionalize the
reintegration program for adolescent
mothers, Children at Risk (CAR), and
Children in Conflict with the Law
(CICL)
3. Strengthen the mechanism in
safeguarding our learners against all
forms of discrimination and dangers
4. Seek out mental wellness experts to
form interventions at the school level
5. Strengthen inclusive education
programs, including the alternative
learning system, last mile schools, and
programs for IP learners and learners
with disabilities
6. Establish of Inclusive Learning
Resource Centers
7. Provide assessment assistive
mechanisms to students with
disabilities
8. Eradicate illiteracy through relevant
policy issuances, and community
literacy program interventions.
9. Involve our parents and guardians in
the education of our children.
Give support for teachers to
teach better
1. Provide professional development programs
2. Provide support in terms of innovative,
responsive, and inclusive teaching approaches
following the Philippine Professional
Standards for Teachers (PPST).
3. Capacitate our teachers and learners in
utilizing technology in remote learning to
maximize the benefits of digital learning.
4. Provide training and other learning and
development interventions for school leaders
5. Fast-track the implementation of the career
progression policy
6. Implement the Merit Selection Policy
7. Make the new Teacher Education Council and
Secretariat fully functional
8. Advocate for additional benefits for our
teachers
9. Implement the policy on the distribution of
teacher workload and payment of teaching
overload
10. Expand the coverage for the grant of Special
Hardship Allowances
11. Address issues affecting the net take-home
pay of teachers
12. Work with DOH for free annual physical
examinations for teachers
13. Coordinate with the GSIS for an improved and
superior benefits package for all DepEd
personnel
14. Provide a free legal assistance facility for
teachers on matters concerning loan contracts
and obligations.
45 key Initiatives
17. Make the curriculum relevant to produce job-ready, active and
responsible citizens
1.Revise the K to 12 Curriculum to make them more responsive to our aspiration as
a nation
2.Strengthen our literacy and numeracy programs
3.Revitalize our Reading, Science and Technology, and Math programs
4.Improve English proficiency while recognizing linguistic diversity
5.Review the implementation of the Mother Tongue-based Multilingual Education
Policy
6.Intensify the values formation of learners in curriculum and teaching
7.Embed the culture of peace in our curriculum
8.Be transparent with curriculum guides and test scores
9.Share test items with schools and teachers to strengthen the use of assessment
10.Engage with CHED and TESDA, and various industry partners to address the
issue of skills mismatch
18. Take steps to accelerate delivery of basic education facilities
and services
1.Created the School Infrastructure and Facilities Strand
2.Build more resilient schools and classrooms
3.Close the remaining gaps in school infrastructure with policies to eliminate
corruption
4.Establish fully-functional library hubs
5.Provide schools with electricity
6.Provide e-classroom packages for teaching and learning
7.Digitize our essential processes, including our national assessments
8.Launch our National Education Portal
9.Strengthen the complementarity between public and private schools
10.Work closely with Congress in pushing for the expansion of GASTPE coverage
to include kindergarten and elementary learners.
11.Support BARMM School Building Program and GASTPE direction.
12. Creation of the Procurement Strand
19. Take good care of learners by promoting learner well-being,
inclusive education and positive learning environment
1.Provide education to children and youth in situations of disadvantage
2.Strengthen and institutionalize the reintegration program for adolescent mothers,
Children at Risk (CAR), and Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL)
3.Strengthen the mechanism in safeguarding our learners against all forms of
discrimination and dangers
4.Seek out mental wellness experts to form interventions at the school level
5.Strengthen inclusive education programs, including the alternative learning
system, last mile schools, and programs for IP learners and learners with
disabilities
6.Establish of Inclusive Learning Resource Centers
7.Provide assessment assistive mechanisms to students with disabilities
8.Eradicate illiteracy through relevant policy issuances, and community literacy
program interventions.
9.Involve our parents and guardians in the education of our children.
20. Give support for teachers to teach better
1.Provide professional development programs
2.Provide support in terms of innovative, responsive, and inclusive teaching approaches following
the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST).
3.Capacitate our teachers and learners in utilizing technology in remote learning to maximize the
benefits of digital learning.
4.Provide training and other learning and development interventions for school leaders
5.Fast-track the implementation of the career progression policy
6. Implement the Merit Selection Policy
7.Make the new Teacher Education Council and Secretariat fully functional
8.Advocate for additional benefits for our teachers
9.Implement the policy on the distribution of teacher workload and payment of teaching overload
10.Expand the coverage for the grant of Special Hardship Allowances
11.Address issues affecting the net take-home pay of teachers
12.Work with DOH for free annual physical examinations for teachers
13.Coordinate with the GSIS for an improved and superior benefits package for all DepEd
personnel
14.Provide a free legal assistance facility for teachers on matters concerning loan contracts and
obligations.
21. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Institutional Policy Issues for Consideration
Agenda Items:
1. Policy on Contract of Service and Overtime
2. DepEd Order on Third Party Logistics
3. Downloading of Funds for CO-Initiated Activities
4. Loans
5. Strict Adherence to the Procurement and Budgeting Calendar
6. Official Development Assistance
7. Teacher Overtime Pay
Executive Session:
8. Policy on Security and Confidential Matters
9. Performance-based Bonus (PBB)
10.GASTPE Implementation
22. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Other
Source
s
GAA
Tier 1
MA
TA
TA
G
Lead,
Complementary,
and
Supplementary
Role of Strands
Outcomes
BEDP and
PDP
Commitments
Key Programs
and Projects
GAA
Tier 2
202
3
202
8
Resource Requirements
26. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
• - Incorruptibility, honesty, impartiality and
accountability (Dobel 1999, 2016)
• - Is the faithful and consistent application of generally
accepted public values and norms in the daily
practice of public sector institutions;
• The proper use of Powers and Authorities, Assets,
Resources and Funds according to the official
purpose for which they are intended with the end view
of promoting public welfare
• - Concerns Behavior, Process and Procedures
• - Is about Moral Quality of behavior in the process of
governance
27. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Section 2. Declaration of Policies. —
• It is the policy of the State to promote a high
standard of ethics in public service. Public
officials and employees shall at all times be
accountable to the people and shall discharge
their duties with utmost responsibility, integrity,
competence, and loyalty, act with patriotism
and justice, lead modest lives, and uphold
public interest over personal interest.
29. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
- refers to the ability to perform tasks efficiently and effectively
by exhibiting the necessary knowledge, skills and attitudes
DepEd shall adopt four classes of competencies
- Core behavior competencies -are competencies which cut
across the organization
- leadership competencies intended for managerial positions
- Staff core skill intended for staff and teaching related
personnel
- Teaching competence for teachers
30. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Manager’s Competencies
Core Behavioral
Competencies
• Self Management
• Professionalism
and ethics
• Results focus
• Teamwork
• Service
Orientation
• Innovation
Leadership
Competencies
•Leading People
• People
Performance
Management
• People
Development
31. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Staff & Teaching-related Competencies
Core Behavioral
Competencies
• Self Management
• Professionalism
and ethics
• Results focus
• Teamwork
• Service
Orientation
• Innovation
Staff Core Skills
• Oral
Communication
• Written
Communication
• Computer/ICT
Skills
33. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
- Is an investigation, audit or review performed to confirm facts or
details of a matter under consideration. In the financial world due
diligence requires an examination of financial records before
entering a proposed transaction with another party
- Is a precautionary measure conducted before concluding business
with another
- simply refer to investigating the background of a person or
company to ensure that such entities are trustworthy
- In hiring employees, the employer investigates on the
background of the applicant. Before signing contract both
parties conduct due diligence on the each other
46. Your value isn’t what others say. It’s not even what you say. It’s entirely
and only what God says. He thinks you are worth dying for.
LEADERSHIP STYLE
55. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
How Values Determine Performance
Values: Integrity
Beliefs: Honest and Authentic
Thoughts: Words and Actions
Choices: Doing What is Right
Behaviors: Trust
Results: Culture
www.profilesinternational.com
56. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
VBL and Culture
Values-based leaders create a values-based
culture that delivers predictable and positive
results.
57. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Values & Culture
The culture of an
organization is a reflection of
leadership consciousness
(values and beliefs)
Organizational transformation
begins with the personal
transformation of the leaders.
Therefore
63. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
OUTLINE
1. Meaning of Appreciative inquiry(AI)
2. Theories
3. Problem-based & AI
4. Basic Processes of AI
5. AI Principles
6. Appreciative Inquiry 4 D Cycle
64. • What is our default
position if we want to
improve our
performance?
65. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Appreciative Inquiry (AI)
• An inquiry that selectively seeks to locate,
highlight and illuminate the life-giving
forces of an individual, group and
organization
77. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
DEFINE DISCOVER DREAM DESIGN DELIVER/DESTINY
What is the topic
of inquiry?
Appreciating the best of
‘what is’
Imagining ‘what could
be’
Determining ‘what
should be’
Creating ‘what will
be’
It is important
to define the
overall focus
of the inquiry
(what the
system wants
more of).
Definition is
used to clarify
the area of
work to be
considered.
Discovery is based on
a dialogue, as a way
of finding ‘what works’.
It rediscovers and
remembers the
organization’s
successes, strengths
and periods of
excellence.
Imagine new
possibilities and
preferred future. It
allows people to
identify their dreams
for an organization;
having discovered
‘what is best’. They
have the chance to
project it into their
wishes, hopes and
aspirations for the
future
Design brings together
the stories from
discovery with the
imagination and
creativity from dream.
Bringing the ‘best of
what is’ together with
‘what might be’, to
create ‘what should be
– the ideal’.
Identifies how the
design is delivered,
and how it’s
embedded into
groups,
communities and
organizations.
78. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
DEFINE DISCOVER DREAM DESIGN DELIVER
What is the
topic of
inquiry?
Appreciating the best of
‘what is’
Imagining ‘what
could be’
Determining ‘what
should be’
Creating ‘what will
be’
What is/are your
best practices in this
area?
Why do you consider
it as a best practice?
Were you involved in
the planning of those
innovation/activities?
What did you feel
when you succeed in
that project/
activities?
Is there a possibility
to improve your
best practice/s in
this area?
How can you
improve the recent
best practices?
What could be the
ingredient/s for it to
be more successful
this time?
What do you think
will happen if
improve it more?
Can you prepare a
plan/design on how
to better improve
your project/s?
Do you think this plan
will further improve
your services/
projects?
What could be the
indicators for it to
succeed?
What’s the ideal plan
for this to be
realized?
What are the
strategies you will
employ?
When will
project/activities
commence?
How will you
ensure that the
plans will be
implemented?
79. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
HOW DOES IT WORKS?
• People like talking about their successes.
They actively engage in discussions that
focus on what works.
• When sharing positive stories with
colleagues people gain confidence in their
ability to deliver. It’s their experiences not
someone else’s best practice
80. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
• Involving lots of people in these
conversation raise participation in
making positive change come about.
• Generating a positive image of the
future influences our behavior in the
present and that acts to bring about the
anticipated positive results.