This workshop is a general introduction to the appropriate use of sources, summarising and APA referencing for students at Massey University taking 218.150

1. AVOIDING PLAGIARISM
SUMMARISING EFFECTIVELY
INTRODUCTION TO APA STYLE
CENTRE FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING LIBRARY 3RD FLOOR
09 441-8143 slc-alb@massey.ac.nz
The slides can be seen at:
http://tinyurl.com/218150workshop2016
218.150: Writing Essentials

2. • What is plagiarism?
• When is it ok to copy something directly word for
word instead of summarising it in your own words?
• What are the five steps to follow when you
summarise facts or ideas from a book, article or
website?
• How do you present information correctly in a table
or chart?
• How would you reference your text book for this
course?
• What is the name of Massey’s APA referencing tool?
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

3. AVOIDING PLAGIARISM
PART 1

4. Submitting work that’s been researched or written
by someone else.
Submitting work that you’ve submitted before (e.g.
for another course).
Submitting work that relies too greatly on model
answers or sample solutions provided in the course
material.
Copying text without including quotation marks, a
page number and a citation.
Using ideas from books, articles or websites without
including a citation.
What is plagiarism?
Massey University, 2010 (See: http://tinyurl.com/masseyacademicintegrity)

5. Harris, 2001, p. 96.
Even if you have
permission to use the
material (e.g. it’s on an
open source website),
it is still plagiarism.
Plagiarism ≠ copyright

6. Another’s
words?
Another’s
idea?
No
No
No need to cite
Yes
Quote and cite
it – author, year,
page
Cite it –
author +
year.
Yes
Harris, 2001, p. 158
Use of Sources
Decision Chart

7. SUMMARISING
EFFECTIVELY
PART 2

8. Figure 23 shows an air admittance valve that may
need repositioning since these are required to “be
fitted in an upright position – they may fail if they are
not vertical” (BRANZ, 1999, p. 45).
The air admittance valve (fig. 23) has not been fitted
vertically, as required, and is therefore at risk of failure
(BRANZ, 1999).
Example Quotation
Example Summary my own words
source of ideas
source of ideas & words

9. How do I summarise the source
text?
Step 1. Find
Step 2. Highlight
Step 3. Reduce to notes
Step 4: Choose citation method
Step 5. Expand notes

10. Step 1: Find a relevant text

12. The credits are summed into a total score
which determines the design’s overall
environmental performance. To gain a GHS
certificate, the design (or recently finished building)
must achieve at least 40 credits out of a possible 120
(An average house scores between 5-8 credits). The
only mandatory category is the ‘whole-building thermal
performance’ issue (worth 6 credits), as this is
recognised as the cornerstone of good environmental
design. All the other issues can be traded off to make up
the balance of credits required. The four
environmental performance categories (along with
their threshold credit numbers) are Fair (40), Good
(56), Very Good (70) and Excellent (86). These
categories reflect the overall environmental
competency of the developed design, with the
remaining credits becoming progressively more
difficult to achieve.
The Green Home Scheme
extract from Hargreaves, 2005, p. 15

13. Step 2: Highlight the key
points

14. The credits are summed into a total score
which determines the design’s overall
environmental performance. To gain a GHS
certificate, the design (or recently finished building)
must achieve at least 40 credits out of a possible 120
(An average house scores between 5-8 credits). The
only mandatory category is the ‘whole-building thermal
performance’ issue (worth 6 credits), as this is
recognised as the cornerstone of good environmental
design. All the other issues can be traded off to make up
the balance of credits required. The four
environmental performance categories (along with
their threshold credit numbers) are Fair (40), Good
(56), Very Good (70) and Excellent (86). These
categories reflect the overall environmental
competency of the developed design, with the
remaining credits becoming progressively more
difficult to achieve.
The Green Home Scheme

15. Step 3: Reduce to note form –
and put away the original

16. Green Homes Scheme
total score = overall environ perf
to get cert, building must get 40/120
av house gets 5 – 8 credits
4 bands, fair (40) to exc (86+)

17. Step 4: Choose your citation method
• brackets (author, year)
• According to + author (year)…
• Author (year)+ verb …

18. According to Harrison (1996), organisations need to
address their own internal weaknesses so that they can
interact with the external environment from a position of
strength.
Organisations need to address their own internal
weaknesses so that they can interact with the external
environment from a position of strength (Harrison,
1996).
According to + author (year)….
Brackets (author, year)

19. Author (year) + verb
claim argue
explain
point out provide evidence
suggest
Harrison (1996) argues that organisations need to
address their own internal weaknesses so that they can
interact with the external environment from a position of
strength.

20. Step 5: Expand those notes
into coherent sentences that
make them relevant to YOUR
case

21. These were my notes
total score = overall environ perf
to get cert, building must get 40/120
av house gets 5 – 8 credits
4 bands, fair (40) to exc (86+)

22. The house’s overall environmental performance has
been evaluated by means of a credit rating, reached
by applying the criteria of the Green Homes Scheme
(Hargreaves, 2005) under the guidance of an
accredited assessor. At the time of writing,
estimates could only be obtained for the categories
marked with asterisks in Table 8 below. As the table
indicates, the house would be likely to achieve the
certificate, though at the lowest of the four possible
bands. Although the threshold for this ‘fair’ category
may seem rather low, at a mere 40/100, this still
represents an environmental performance at least
five times that achieved by the average home
(Hargreaves, 2005). A higher band could only have
been achieved through radical changes in design and
materials (H. Rose, GHS assessor, personal
communication, February 26, 2016).
8.2 Environmental Performance

23. INTRODUCTION TO
APA STYLE
PART 3

24. When you copy a figure (e.g. a photo, drawing,
chart etc), you need to put Figure, plus a number
BELOW and put ‘Source’ before the citation.
Figure 1: Weightings of GHS categories
(Source: Hargreaves, 2005, p. 15)

25. Tables are numbered (in their own
sequence) and titled ABOVE
week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Contracted
staff pay
8 000 6 500 9 200 5 300 8 000 11 050 10 500
Subcontracted
staff pay
- 1 200 1 200 600 3 800 2 400 2 400
Materials and
tool hire
12 000 12 000 6 500 6 500 4 300 8 400 9 200
Other Site
expenses
2 500 1 300 1 300 1 300 1 300 2 500 2 500
Professional
fees
2 600 3 600 4 200 2 400 4 200 1 600 600
Table 1
Variable Costs
• Source + citation isn’t needed in this case because the
student compiled this data herself.

26. References
Aidee, B., & Beasy, R. M. (2001). Sound foundations. New York, NY:
Nonexistent Press.
Bodger, N. (2006). Self-build do’s and don’ts. Retrieved from:
http://www.madeupaddress.com/selfbuild.htm
Bulleyment, A. (2004). Plumbing and drainage guide: Revised
Australasian version. Porirua, New Zealand: BRANZ.
Crook, G., & Slacker, R. (2006). Bach design. Palmerston North, New
Zealand: Dunroaming Press.
Egghead, A. (2006). Computer-aided simulation in environmental
impact evaluation within the construction industry. Modern Building
Design, 18 (3), 273 - 284.
Hargreaves, R. (2005, May). Study report no. 135: Compendium and
evaluation of building environmental impact schemes being used in
Australasia. Porirua, New Zealand: BRANZ. Retrieved from:
http://www.branz.co.nz/branzltd/publications/pdfs/SR135.pdf
Sparky, L., Chippie, B., Digger, J. C. B., & Rainey, D. (2007). The
Australian constructor’s guide. Sydney, Australia: Cider Press
Format for an APA reference list

27. APA Interactive & Video
http://owll.massey.ac.nz
APA RESOURCES
Study Up (Online presentations)
http://tinyurl.com/studyup2016
Handy Guide to APA referencing
Download from Stream or pick up at
the CTL

28. Standard Method of Measurement of Building Works
Author: Standards New Zealand
Edition: 1995
Publisher: Wellington [N.Z.]; Standards New Zealand,
1995
Notes: Series New Zealand standard; NZS 4202:1995
Referencing example
Standards New Zealand. (1995). Standard method of
measurement of building works. Wellington, New
Zealand: Author.
The blah, blah method is only recommended for
structures weighing up to 200 kg (Standards New
Zealand, 1995).
CITATION
END-OF-TEXT REFERENCE

29. • What is plagiarism?
• When is it ok to copy something directly word for
word instead of summarising it in your own words?
• What are the five steps to follow when you
summarise facts or ideas from a book, article or
website?
• How do you present information correctly in a table
or chart?
• How would you reference your text book for this
course?
• What is the name of Massey’s APA referencing tool?
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS