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Prof.: Ing. Jocabed Pulido (Esp.)
Santa de Coro, septiembre de 2021
Forma Indeterminada
𝟎
𝟎
Si lim
𝑥→𝑎
𝑓 𝑥 = 0 y lim
𝑥→𝑎
𝑔 𝑥 = 0 , y buscamos lim
𝑥→𝑎
𝑓 𝑥
𝑔 𝑥
En este caso no se puede aplicar el límite de una división ya que la sustitución nos lleva a una
expresión indeterminada
𝟎
𝟎
la cual no da información suficiente para encontrar el límite. La
indeterminación se salva recurriendo a métodos algebraicos como simplificación,
factorización y racionalización.
Racionalización
lim
𝑥→4
𝑥2 − 16
𝑥 − 4
Ejemplo:
Resolver
lim
𝑥→4
𝑥2 − 16
lim
𝑥→4
𝑥 − 4
=
42
− 16
4 − 4
=
0
0
𝑥2 − 𝑎2 = 𝑥 − 𝑎 ∗ 𝑥 + 𝑎
𝑥2
− 16 = 𝑥2
− 42
= 𝑥 − 4 ∗ 𝑥 + 4
lim
𝑥→4
𝑥2
− 16
lim
𝑥→4
𝑥 − 4
=
𝑥 − 4 𝑥 + 4
𝑥 − 4
= 𝑥 + 4 = 8
SIMPLIFICACIÓN
Ejemplo:
Resolver
FACTORIZACIÓN
lim
𝑥→4
𝑥2 + 4𝑥 − 32
𝑥 − 4
lim
𝑥→4
𝑥2
+ 4𝑥 − 32
lim
𝑥→4
𝑥 − 4
=
42
+ 4 4 − 32
4 − 4
=
0
0
𝑥2
+ 4𝑥 − 32 = 𝑥 − 4 𝑥 + 8 lim
𝑥→4
𝑥2 + 4𝑥 − 32
𝑥 − 4
=
𝑥 − 4 𝑥 + 8
𝑥 − 4
= 𝑥 + 8 = 12
Racionalización
Ejemplo:
Hallar lim
𝑥→1
𝑥 + 3 − 2
𝑥 − 1
Aplicando las leyes de los límites
lim
𝑥→1
𝑥 + 3 − 2
lim
𝑥→1
𝑥 − 1
=
lim
𝑥→1
𝑥 + 3 − lim
𝑥→1
2
lim
𝑥→1
𝑥 − 1
=
1 + 3 − 2
1 − 1
=
0
0
Aplicación de la Conjugada 𝑥 + 3 + 2
𝑥 + 3 − 2
𝑥 − 1
∗
𝑥 + 3 + 2
𝑥 + 3 + 2
=
𝑥 + 3 − 4
𝑥 − 1 . 𝑥 + 3 + 2
=
𝑥 − 1
𝑥 − 1 . 𝑥 + 3 + 2
=
1
𝑥 + 3 + 2
Racionalización
lim
𝑥→1
𝑥 + 3 − 2
𝑥 − 1
lim
𝑥→1
1
𝑥 + 3 + 2
lim
𝑥→1
1
𝑥 + 3 + 2
=
lim
𝑥→1
1
lim
𝑥→1
𝑥 + 3 + lim
𝑥→1
2
=
1
4
Aplicando nuevamente las leyes de los límites tenemos
lim
𝑥→1
𝑥 + 3 − 2
𝑥 − 1
=
1
4
Ejemplo:
Racionalización
lim
𝑥→0
𝑥
𝑥 + 2 − 2
Hallar
Aplicando las leyes de los límites
lim
𝑥→0
𝑥
𝑥 + 2 − 2
=
lim
𝑥→0
𝑥
lim
𝑥→0
𝑥 + 2 − lim
𝑥→0
2
=
0
0
Aplicación de la Conjugada 𝑥 + 2 + 2
𝑥
𝑥 + 2 − 2
𝑥 + 2 + 2
𝑥 + 2 + 2
=
𝑥. 𝑥 + 2 + 2
𝑥 + 2 − 2
= 𝑥 + 2 + 2
Racionalización
lim
𝑥→0
𝑥
𝑥 + 2 − 2
lim
𝑥→0
𝑥 + 2 + 2
lim
𝑥→0
𝑥 + 2 + 2 = lim
𝑥→0
𝑥 + 2 + lim
𝑥→0
2 = 2 2
lim
𝑥→0
𝑥
𝑥 + 2 − 2
= 2 2
Formas indeterminadas y métodos de resolución

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Formas indeterminadas y métodos de resolución

  • 1. Prof.: Ing. Jocabed Pulido (Esp.) Santa de Coro, septiembre de 2021
  • 2. Forma Indeterminada 𝟎 𝟎 Si lim 𝑥→𝑎 𝑓 𝑥 = 0 y lim 𝑥→𝑎 𝑔 𝑥 = 0 , y buscamos lim 𝑥→𝑎 𝑓 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 En este caso no se puede aplicar el límite de una división ya que la sustitución nos lleva a una expresión indeterminada 𝟎 𝟎 la cual no da información suficiente para encontrar el límite. La indeterminación se salva recurriendo a métodos algebraicos como simplificación, factorización y racionalización. Racionalización
  • 3. lim 𝑥→4 𝑥2 − 16 𝑥 − 4 Ejemplo: Resolver lim 𝑥→4 𝑥2 − 16 lim 𝑥→4 𝑥 − 4 = 42 − 16 4 − 4 = 0 0 𝑥2 − 𝑎2 = 𝑥 − 𝑎 ∗ 𝑥 + 𝑎 𝑥2 − 16 = 𝑥2 − 42 = 𝑥 − 4 ∗ 𝑥 + 4 lim 𝑥→4 𝑥2 − 16 lim 𝑥→4 𝑥 − 4 = 𝑥 − 4 𝑥 + 4 𝑥 − 4 = 𝑥 + 4 = 8 SIMPLIFICACIÓN
  • 4. Ejemplo: Resolver FACTORIZACIÓN lim 𝑥→4 𝑥2 + 4𝑥 − 32 𝑥 − 4 lim 𝑥→4 𝑥2 + 4𝑥 − 32 lim 𝑥→4 𝑥 − 4 = 42 + 4 4 − 32 4 − 4 = 0 0 𝑥2 + 4𝑥 − 32 = 𝑥 − 4 𝑥 + 8 lim 𝑥→4 𝑥2 + 4𝑥 − 32 𝑥 − 4 = 𝑥 − 4 𝑥 + 8 𝑥 − 4 = 𝑥 + 8 = 12
  • 5. Racionalización Ejemplo: Hallar lim 𝑥→1 𝑥 + 3 − 2 𝑥 − 1 Aplicando las leyes de los límites lim 𝑥→1 𝑥 + 3 − 2 lim 𝑥→1 𝑥 − 1 = lim 𝑥→1 𝑥 + 3 − lim 𝑥→1 2 lim 𝑥→1 𝑥 − 1 = 1 + 3 − 2 1 − 1 = 0 0 Aplicación de la Conjugada 𝑥 + 3 + 2 𝑥 + 3 − 2 𝑥 − 1 ∗ 𝑥 + 3 + 2 𝑥 + 3 + 2 = 𝑥 + 3 − 4 𝑥 − 1 . 𝑥 + 3 + 2 = 𝑥 − 1 𝑥 − 1 . 𝑥 + 3 + 2 = 1 𝑥 + 3 + 2
  • 6. Racionalización lim 𝑥→1 𝑥 + 3 − 2 𝑥 − 1 lim 𝑥→1 1 𝑥 + 3 + 2 lim 𝑥→1 1 𝑥 + 3 + 2 = lim 𝑥→1 1 lim 𝑥→1 𝑥 + 3 + lim 𝑥→1 2 = 1 4 Aplicando nuevamente las leyes de los límites tenemos lim 𝑥→1 𝑥 + 3 − 2 𝑥 − 1 = 1 4
  • 7. Ejemplo: Racionalización lim 𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥 + 2 − 2 Hallar Aplicando las leyes de los límites lim 𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥 + 2 − 2 = lim 𝑥→0 𝑥 lim 𝑥→0 𝑥 + 2 − lim 𝑥→0 2 = 0 0 Aplicación de la Conjugada 𝑥 + 2 + 2 𝑥 𝑥 + 2 − 2 𝑥 + 2 + 2 𝑥 + 2 + 2 = 𝑥. 𝑥 + 2 + 2 𝑥 + 2 − 2 = 𝑥 + 2 + 2
  • 8. Racionalización lim 𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥 + 2 − 2 lim 𝑥→0 𝑥 + 2 + 2 lim 𝑥→0 𝑥 + 2 + 2 = lim 𝑥→0 𝑥 + 2 + lim 𝑥→0 2 = 2 2 lim 𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥 + 2 − 2 = 2 2