There are always some people with more IQ level than the average and we owe our development and understanding about the world to them. What if these genius people always live or maybe we can make copies of them or should I say clones? Cloning is the most controversial yet interesting topic in the biology.

1. CLONING
Mariam Shafique
Lahore Garrison University

2. WHAT IS CLONING?
• The process of generating a genetically identical copy of a cell or an
organism.
• Natural or artificial.
• Copied material which has same genetic make-up as original is called clone.

3. FIRST CLONE EVER
• In 1996, the first mammal was cloned by Keith Campbell.
• It was a domestic sheep named Dolly.
• It lived a successful life and died in 2003.
• Using technique of somatic cell nuclear transfer.
• After that many other large mammals were cloned.

4. TYPES OF ARTIFICAL CLONING
GENE CLONING
• Making
identical copies
of piece of DNA
REPRODUCTIVE
CLONING
• Creating
genetically
identical copy
of an animal.
THERAPEUTIC
CLONING
• Therapy for a
disease.

5. HOW IS CLONING DONE?
ARTIFICAL EMBRYO
TWINNIG
• Mimics natural process
of identical twins.
SOMATIC CELL
NUCLEARTRANSFER
• It produces an exact
clone but with
different method.

7. HUMAN CLONING
• Creation of a genetically identical copy of human.
• Refers to artificial cloning.
• The possibility has raised many controversies.
• Therapeutic cloning is for use in medicine and transplants.
• Reproductive cloning is making an entire human clone.

8. PROS OF HUMAN CLONING
• Defective genes could be eliminated.
• Organ transplantation.
• Infertility could be eliminated.
• Parents who lose their children, might replace with clones.

9. CONS OF HUMAN CLONING
• Self identity might get lost.
• Possibility of faster aging.
• Not safe enough.
• Prone to abuse
• Religious and ethical opposition.
• Black market.

10. FUTURE OF HUMAN CLONING
• Human cloning could happen within next 50 years.
• Attempts are being made for successful human cloning.
• 7 mammalian species have been successfully cloned.
• Many countries have already banned human cloning.
• Results of human cloning are unpredictable.

11. CONCLUSION
• Human cloning is moral and eternal dilemma.
• And still hangs in balance.
“Either we control gene technology today, or technology will
redesign us by tomorrow.”

12. THANKYOU FOR
LISTENING