2. WHAT IS CLONING?
Greek word klōn,
meaning twig
The process whereby
a new plant can be
created from a twig.
Cloning is the
creation of an
organism that is an
exact genetic copy
of another. In a
cloned cell, every
single bit of DNA is
the same between
the two!
3. HOW DID IT ALL START?
More mammals
(mice,cows,goats)
cloned by
sometic cell
nuclear transfer
1998 and
onwards
Dolly: First
mammal
created by
somatic cell
nuclear
transfer
1996
First
nuclear
transfer
from
laboratory
cells
1995
First
mammal
created by
Steen
Willadsen
1984
First
mammalian
embryo
created by
Derek
Bromhall
1975
First cloned
tadpoles by
Robert Briggs
and Thomas
King
1952
First idea
of cloning
proposed
by Hans
Spemann
1938
As the rate of successfully cloned animals grew, new possibilities were being explored by
scientists and researchers
Ref:
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content
/cloning/clonezone/
4. DIFFERENT TYPES OF CLONING
- Cloning to make stem cells
- Reviving Endangered or Extinct
Species
- Drug production
- Production of recombinant proteins,
recombinant DNA
- Transgenic organisms
- Gene therapy
- Gene cloning in agriculture
Applications
5. DIFFERENT TYPES OF CLONING (cont’d)
Therapeutic cloning
involves the cloning of
human embryos for the
production of stem cells.
The embryos are
eventually destroyed in
this process.
7. DIFFERENT TYPES OF CLONING (cont’d)
Gene cloning
focuses on
making identical
copies of DNA
molecules
8. SOME PROS AND CONS OF CLONING
- Modify faulty genes and incorporate
the corrected genes
- Genetically modified food and
organisms
- Enhancement of nutritional value
- Reproductive cloning has immense
potential in reviving extinct species
- Stem cells can be produced for
treatment of various diseases
- Expensive procedure
- Rate of successful cloning is very
low
- Cloned livestock may be short
lived and disease prone
- High chance of cell mutation in
newly cloned species.
- Genetic diversity is reduced.
