4. HISTORY
PRE
ISLAM
• Stone age
• Artifacts and writings
• Dates before Alexander the Great
ISLAM
• Othman bin Affan made it a Major port for entering the city of
Makkah.
Mamluk
rule
• Ummayyads, then Abbasids, followed by Ayyubids, and finally
the Mamluks.
Ottoman
Rule
• was attacked several times by the Portuguese
5. Climate
Extreme heat and humidity, lack or absence of
or absence of rain
Jeddah’s Tempreture Around the Year
6. Jeddah’s Old Walls and Gates:
Jeddah's Old Wall and Gates
The wall surrounding Jeddah was built by Hussain Al-Kurdi, who was one of the
7. Building technique
the method of building was to arrange the building
stones over each other, separated by pieces of wood
(Takaleel), which helped in the fair distribution of the
loads on the walls. This old method of building, which
uses wood and stone, is very similar to the modern
concrete and timber way of building where wood is used
to hold concrete in order to alleviate the weight of the
building
8. • Jeddah’s urban compactness shaped by narrow
zigzagged alleys.
• The street configuration: shading, air wind
patterns.
10. External Form:
• A cubical mass of 2-5 floors without major projection.
• Skeleton of four sides that entirely opened, but covered with wooden elements
11. Building Height:
High-rise, earlier buildings were 2-3 floors.
Late 19th and early 20th centuries, tendency for higher buildings ( 6-7
higher buildings ( 6-7 floors)
12.
13. Architectural Elements:
-Rowshans:
They are 60-90 cm projected wooden skeleton covered with decorative
covered with decorative wooden panels and screens. It covers the entire
It covers the entire elevation of the upper floors.
17. Doors:
Massive, two panels of teak wood with heavy metallic
with heavy metallic nails and knockers.
knockers.
18. Decorations:
-Ceiling Decorations:
Usually on woods, stones or gypsum surfaces. Also it
surfaces. Also it comes with different patterns such as
patterns such as geometric, floral and scripts (mostly
scripts (mostly Quranic) either engraved or painted.
or painted.
19. -Roof Edge Decorations:
They also decorated their roofs with different shapes and
different shapes and patterns.
20. -Main Doors Decorations:
Main door is the most decorated part as it signifies transition from public life
transition from public life into private life, and a socio- economic symbol.
24. Gypsum
They used gypsum mostly in decorating
decorating facades, framing doors and
doors and windows. They all painted in white
painted in white color as protection from
protection from climatic conditions. It has
conditions. It has different patterns whether
patterns whether with floral or geometric
geometric shapes.