The document discusses several papers related to research in the field of mobile human-computer interaction (mobile HCI). The first paper discusses the International Workshop on Mobile and Ubiquitous Information Access that was held in 2003 in Italy and covered topics like interface design, interaction techniques, context-aware applications and implications of mobile computing. The second paper discusses a study that analyzed how often and for how long users look at their mobile devices on average. The third paper discusses the Mobile HCI 2004 conference that established mobile HCI as a central research area and impacted how the field is conducted today.

1. (Crestani et al., 2004) The proliferation of mobile devices and
the ubiquity of computing and networking technologies have
revolutionized how we access information. Mobile and
ubiquitous information access is now an essential issue in
human-computer interaction, information retrieval, and
computer-supported cooperative work.
The International Workshop on Mobile and Ubiquitous
Information Access (MobileHCI) was held in Udine, Italy, on
September 8, 2003. It included user interface design issues,
novel interaction techniques, context-aware applications,
collaborative systems, and social implications of mobile
computing. They provide a snapshot of the state-of-the-art in
this rapidly evolving field. They will interest researchers and
practitioners in human-computer interaction, information
retrieval, and computer-supported cooperative work.
The workshop was organized by Fabio Crestani, Mark Dunlop,
and Stefano Mizzaro. It was in conjunction with the Ninth
International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI
International 2003).
(Bace et al.,2020) Part of this is that it's challenging to quantify
visual attention in mobile HCI. In a recent paper, Bace et al.
tried to address this challenge by quantifying how often and for
how long users look at their mobile devices.
The researchers found that, on average, users look at their
devices around 46 times per day. They also found that users
spend more time looking at their instruments when using them
for communication purposes, such as text messaging or phone
calls. This suggests a need for further research into how mobile
devices can be designed to capture better and hold users'
attention.
The researchers also found that users look at their devices more
often in a social setting, such as a meeting or a party. This
suggests that mobile devices may be distracting us from our

2. social interactions.
In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights into how we
can better understand and quantify visual attention in mobile
HCI.
(Oulasvirta et al.,2005) Mobile HCI 2004 was a seminal
conference on human-computer interaction with mobile
technology. The meeting was highly successful, and its impact
is still felt today.
The theme of the conference was "Experience and Reflection."
This theme was reflected in the papers presented at the meeting,
which covered a wide range of topics related to mobile HCI.
The papers addressed user experience, design principles,
interaction techniques, and evaluation methods in addition to
these technical papers, keynote speeches, and panel discussions
on various aspects of mobile HCI.
The Mobile HCI 2004 conference was an important event in the
history of mobile HCI. It helped establish the field as a central
research area, and its papers have significantly impacted how
mobile HCI is conducted today.
(Jia, 2014) The limited display space of mobile devices is
inadequate for simultaneously displaying all the information
needed in context. This paper proposes a novel mobile HCI
optimization method to optimize the user interface and better
use the limited display space. This method uses RFID tags to
store contextual information and utilizes wireless sensor
networks to collect real-time data. The proposed method can not
only optimize the user interface but also improve the usability
of mobile devices.
With the rapid development of mobile technologies, more and
more people use mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets
in their daily lives. However, the user interface (UI) is usually
straightforward and essential due to the limited size of mobi le
devices. This can be a big problem, mainly when we use mobile
devices for complex tasks requiring much information to be
displayed simultaneously.

3. This paper proposes a novel mobile HCI optimization method to
solve this problem. This method uses RFID tags to store
contextual information and utilizes wireless sensor networks to
collect real-time data. The proposed method can not only
optimize the user interface but also improve the usability of
mobile devices.
This can significantly improve the usability of mobile
devices and make them more suitable for complex tasks. In
addition, the proposed method is very flexible and can be easily
adapted to different types of mobile devices.
For example, it can be used in smart homes, office buildings,
factories, hospitals, etc., to provide users with relevant
information about their surroundings. It can also be used in
education and training to give students real-time feedback about
their performance.
In conclusion, the proposed method is a promising solution to
the limited display space on mobile devices. It has excellent
potential to improve the usability of mobile devices and make
them more suitable for complex tasks.
(Leiva, 2021) Mobile user interfaces understand how visual
saliency affects where users look. Previous research on visual
saliency has focused primarily on desktop and web-based user
interfaces, but mobile app UIs differ in several respects.
The study looked at 30 participants and 193 mobile user
interfaces to better understand how visual saliency affects
mobile UI design. We found that users have a strong bias
toward the top-left corner of mobile app UIs, likely due to their
expectations about how apps are organized.
These findings suggest designers should keep visual saliency
when creating mobile app UIs. By understanding how users tend
to look at mobile app UIs, designers can create more effective
interfaces that better meet users' needs.

4. References
Bace, Staal, S., & Bulling, A. (2020). How Far Are We From
Quantifying Visual Attention in Mobile HCI? IEEE Pervasive
Computing, 19(2), 46–55.
https://doi.org/10.1109/MPRV.2020.2967736
Crestani, Dunlop, M., & Mizzaro, S. (2004). Mobile and
Ubiquitous Information Access Mobile HCI 2003 International
Workshop, Udine, Italy, September 8, 2003, Revised and
Invited Papers(Crestani, M. Dunlop, & S. Mizzaro, Eds.; 1st ed.
2004.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
https://doi.org/10.1007/b95483
Leiva, Xue, Y., Bansal, A., Tavakoli, H. R., Köroğlu, T.,
Dayama, N. R., & Oulasvirta, A. (2021). Understandi ng Visual
Saliency in Mobile User Interfaces. arXiv.org.
https://doi.org/10.1145/3379503.3403557
Jia. (2014). Mobile HCI Optimization Based on RFID and
Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors & Transducers, 167(3),
161–161.
Oulasvirta, Tamminen, S., Roto, V., & Kuorelahti, J. (2005).
Interaction in 4-second bursts: the fragmented nature of
attentional resources in mobile HCI. Conference on Human
Factors in Computing Systems: Proceedings of the SIGCHI
Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems; 02-07

5. Apr. 2005, 919–928. https://doi.org/10.1145/1054972.1055101
2
Annotated Bibliography
Group #5: Mobile HCI
Pramesh Thapa Magar
Nirmay Patel
Shah Omer Hussain Syed
Manishanthan Annam
University of the Cumberlands, Kentucky
Human-Computer Inter & Usability (ITS-536-B05) – Second Bi-
Term
Dr. Kondo Litchmore
August 14, 2022
Annotated Bibliography
Jumisko-Pyykko, S. & Vainio, T. (2010). Framing the context of
use for mobile HCI. International Journal of Mobile Human-
Computer Interaction.
https://doi.org/10.4018/jmhci.2010100101
The research paper continues the provide a better understanding

6. of the context of use for mobile HCI by studying the previous
papers. It shows the attributes associated with mobile contexts
and their linkage to technical, social, and physical components.
The paper describes the five different components with their
subcomponents and properties to represent the context of use
for mobile human-computer interaction (Jumisko-Pyykko &
Vainio, 2010).
Kjeldskov, J. & Graham, C. (2003). A review of mobile HCI
research methods. International Conference on Mobile Human-
Computer Interaction. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45233-
1_23
The paper reviews the various research methods used to
research the field of mobile HCI and lists the drawbacks of the
current research methods. The paper mentions the bias in the
present research methods such as case studies, field studies,
survey research, and others in system making and lack of
research. The papers will give a new way for researchers to
conduct research on mobile HCI for future research (Kjeldskov
& Graham, 2003).
Kjeldskov, J. & Paay, J. (2012). A longitudinal review of
mobile HCI research methods. In Proceedings of the 14th
International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with
Mobile Devices (pp. 69-78).
https://doi.org/10.1145/2371574.2371586
The research paper shows the change in the research in the
mobile HCI field over ten years. It compares the research
techniques from 2003 and 2010 and shows the analysis of
changing the techniques over time. Earlier the research was
more dependent on engineering and applied research, whereas
present research involves case studies, surveys, field studies,
and analysis of each factor. There are multiple methods used for
research in current times compared to the decade before
(Kjeldskov & Paay, 2012).
Parhi, P., Karlson, A., & Bederson, B. B. (2006). Target size
study for one-handed thumb use on small touchscreen devices.
In Proceedings of MobileHCI 2006. Association for Computing

7. Machinery, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1145/1152215.1152260
The research paper shows the study in two phases to decide the
perfect size for small touch screen devices for one-handed
thumb use. In the first phase, the study focuses on the smaller
tasks such as clicking buttons and selecting radio buttons and
checkboxes. In the second phase, the study focuses on widgets-
related tasks such as multiple tapping such as form filling. The
study uses 9.2 mm screen size and 7.7 mm screen size and finds
that 9.2 mm screen size is very large for one-handed thumb use
devices (Parhi et al., 2006).
Tamminen, S., Oulasvirta, A., Toiskallio, K., & Kankainen, A.
(2004). Understanding Mobile Contexts. International
Conference on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45233-1_3
The research paper shows the study of 25 urbanites of different
groups such as mothers, aged people, and people between the
age of 10 to 19 to understand their perspective regarding the
mobile context. The paper also includes the various instances of
overviewing factors of multitasking, providing solutions to
navigational problems, and problems related to design for
mobile contexts (Tamminen et al., 2004).