Research Paper Outline I. INTRODUCTION a. Exploring mobile applications. b. People spend more time on mobile applications, than on their mobile web browser. c. Discovering the diversity of mobile applications and preferred mobile operating system and economics among consumers. II. MAIN TOPIC a. Why mobile applications are growing and how it effects businesses. b. Molding applications to different mobile devices. c. Developers, applications, consumers, and expectations. III. CONCLUSION a. Recap on why consumers use mobile applications over web browsers. b. Summarize the main topics on mobile applications growth, how each devices have different specification needs, and the expectations for developers and consumers. c. Mobile applications are easy to use and fits the consumer needs. It eliminates unnecessary objects, rather condensed to a better view. VI. REFERENCES (All sources (information and graphics) are accurately documented in APA)   a.    Henricksen, K., & Indulska, J. (2006). Developing context-aware pervasive computing applications: Models and approach. Pervasive and mobile computing, 2(1), 37-64. b.    Joorabchi, M. E., Mesbah, A., & Kruchten, P. (2013, October). Real challenges in mobile app development. In Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement, 2013 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on (pp. 15-24). IEEE. c.    Khalid, H., Shihab, E., Nagappan, M., & Hassan, A. E. (2015). What do mobile app users complain about?. IEEE Software, 32(3), 70-77. Running head: MOBILE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS 1 MOBILE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS 2 Mobile Computing Applications Name School Professor Date Mobile Computing Applications Purpose statement We live in a world of technology. Therefore, mobile devices have gained a multimedia communication legacy that will be hard to replace in the future. The mobile devices range from smartphones with a wide range of OS applications including Android, iPhone, BlackBerry and Windows among others of which there are some that are under development today. This study aims at exploring the diversity of mobile applications and preferred mobile operating system and economics among consumers. Are they enhancing lifestyle, more to business or killing business? The term app is a short form of software applications that have been popular listed as word of the year in 2010, by the American Dialect Society. Nowadays, the mobile devices can be purchased with several applications which are pre-installed like the web browser, and e-mail client among others. There are many options for mobile apps. The use depends on personal preference. For example, if consumers do not want to use pre-installed applications they can be removed by the use of a simple uninstall process to create space for more applications. A mobile device user can get apps that are not pre-installed through the platforms like app stores where they are readily available. In the year 2008, these apps began to appear and are being operated ...

1. Research Paper Outline
I. INTRODUCTION
a. Exploring mobile applications.
b. People spend more time on mobile applications, than on their
mobile web browser.
c. Discovering the diversity of mobile applications and
preferred mobile operating system and economics among
consumers.
II. MAIN TOPIC
a. Why mobile applications are growing and how it effects
businesses.
b. Molding applications to different mobile devices.
c. Developers, applications, consumers, and expectations.
III. CONCLUSION
a. Recap on why consumers use mobile applications over web
browsers.
b. Summarize the main topics on mobile applications growth,
how each devices have different specification needs, and the
expectations for developers and consumers.
c. Mobile applications are easy to use and fits the consumer
needs. It eliminates unnecessary objects, rather condensed to a
better view.
VI. REFERENCES
(All sources (information and graphics) are accurately
documented in APA)
a. Henricksen, K., & Indulska, J. (2006). Developing context-
aware pervasive computing applications: Models and
approach. Pervasive and mobile computing, 2(1), 37-64.

2. b. Joorabchi, M. E., Mesbah, A., & Kruchten, P. (2013,
October). Real challenges in mobile app development.
In Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement, 2013
ACM/IEEE International Symposium on (pp. 15-24). IEEE.
c. Khalid, H., Shihab, E., Nagappan, M., & Hassan, A. E.
(2015). What do mobile app users complain about?. IEEE
Software, 32(3), 70-77.
Running head: MOBILE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS 1
MOBILE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS 2
Mobile Computing Applications
Name
School
Professor
Date
Mobile Computing Applications
Purpose statement
We live in a world of technology. Therefore, mobile devices
have gained a multimedia communication legacy that will be

3. hard to replace in the future. The mobile devices range from
smartphones with a wide range of OS applications including
Android, iPhone, BlackBerry and Windows among others of
which there are some that are under development today. This
study aims at exploring the diversity of mobile applications and
preferred mobile operating system and economics among
consumers. Are they enhancing lifestyle, more to business or
killing business? The term app is a short form of software
applications that have been popular listed as word of the year in
2010, by the American Dialect Society. Nowadays, the mobile
devices can be purchased with several applications which are
pre-installed like the web browser, and e-mail client among
others. There are many options for mobile apps. The use
depends on personal preference. For example, if consumers do
not want to use pre-installed applications they can be removed
by the use of a simple uninstall process to create space for more
applications.
A mobile device user can get apps that are not pre-installed
through the platforms like app stores where they are readily
available. In the year 2008, these apps began to appear and are
being operated typically by the Apple app store, and Google
Play store which is the owner of the mobile operating systems.
Most apps are downloaded from the platform to the mobile
device that is targeted (Joorabchi, Mesbah, & Kruchten, 2013).
The mobile apps were first offered to give general productivity
and retrieve information that may include the calendar or e-
mails. But due to the public demand and the ready availability
of the tools, they brought about rapid expansion to various
categories like those that are handled by the desktop application
software packages.
Statement problem
The mobile apps are innovations that increase communication
freedom. Consumers have over-relied on these apps hence
disadvantaging small businesses in favor of large companies
who can afford to pay for several mobile developments. The
government regulatory agencies in the year 2014 began to

4. regulate and curate apps for fair usage (Khalid, Shihab,
Nagappan, & Hassan, 2015). Mobile phone users have opted to
using the mobile apps and according to a comScore study
carried out on May 2012, the study results reported that in the
previous year, many mobile subscribers were using mobile apps
than they did in browsing the web in their mobile devices.
Significance of the study
It requires one to consider the constraints and the features of
the mobile devices when developing apps for a particular
mobile device (Henricksen, & Indulska, 2006). Most mobile
devices use a battery, therefore they use processors that are less
powerful as compared to the personal computers but they have
many more features like location detectors and cameras. In this
case the developers must consider a wide array of sizes of the
screen on the mobile device, the mobile hardware specifications
and its configuration since there is an intense competition when
it comes to mobile software and the changes within each
platform. The mobile devices apps are tested first by the use of
emulators within the development environment, then it is later
subjected to field testing.
There is also the mobile user interface (UI) which is an
essential design. This design considers the use of constraints
and context, mobility and the screen input as an outline for the
design. The mobile user more often focuses on the interaction
with the device and the interface that is entailed with
components of both the hardware and the software. The user in-
let enables the users to manipulate a system whereas the user
output allows the system to show the effects of the user’s
manipulation. The developer must increasingly value
engagement metrics as they continue to adopt a model that is
ad-supported. They can use some minutes to measure the app
engagement by the users and, the number of times the app has
been referred to by a friend. Hence the developer must
understand the expectations of the users and their wants so that
they can exceed their expectations.

5. Reference
Dinh, H. T., Lee, C., Niyato, D., & Wang, P. (2013). A survey
of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and
approaches. Wireless communications and mobile
computing, 13(18), 1587-1611.
Fu, B., Lin, J., Li, L., Faloutsos, C., Hong, J., & Sadeh, N.
(2013, August). Why people hate your app: Making sense of
user feedback in a mobile app store. In Proceedings of the 19th
ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge
discovery and data mining (pp. 1276-1284). ACM.
Henricksen, K., & Indulska, J. (2006). Developing context-
aware pervasive computing applications: Models and
approach. Pervasive and mobile computing, 2(1), 37-64.
Joorabchi, M. E., Mesbah, A., & Kruchten, P. (2013, October).
Real challenges in mobile app development. In Empirical
Software Engineering and Measurement, 2013 ACM/IEEE
International Symposium on (pp. 15-24). IEEE.
Khalid, H., Shihab, E., Nagappan, M., & Hassan, A. E. (2015).
What do mobile app users complain about?. IEEE
Software, 32(3), 70-77.
Lin, J., Amini, S., Hong, J. I., Sadeh, N., Lindqvist, J., &
Zhang, J. (2012, September). Expectation and purpose:
understanding users' mental models of mobile app privacy
through crowdsourcing. In Proceedings of the 2012 ACM
Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (pp. 501-510). ACM.
Mamei, M., & Zambonelli, F. (2004, March). Programming
pervasive and mobile computing applications with the TOTA

6. middleware. In Pervasive Computing and Communications,
2004. PerCom 2004. Proceedings of the Second IEEE Annual
Conference on (pp. 263-273). IEEE.
Mamei, M., & Zambonelli, F. (2009). Programming pervasive
and mobile computing applications: The TOTA approach. ACM
Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology
(TOSEM), 18(4), 15.
Satyanarayanan, M., Bahl, P., Caceres, R., & Davies, N. (2009).
The case for vm-based cloudlets in mobile computing. IEEE
pervasive Computing, 8(4).
Schilit, B., Adams, N., & Want, R. (1994, December). Context-
aware computing applications. In Mobile Computing Systems
and Applications, 1994. WMCSA 1994. First Workshop on (pp.
85-90). IEEE.
Wolf, M. (2014). High-performance embedded computing:
applications in cyber-physical systems and mobile computing.
Newnes.
Grading Rubric
CATEGORY
4
3
2
1
Multiplier
Total

7. Introduction
The introduction clearly states the main topic and previews the
structure of the paper.
The introduction clearly states the main topic but only partially
previews the structure of the paper.
The introduction states the main topic, but does not preview the
structure of the paper.
There is no clear introduction of the main topic or structure of
the paper.
X 2.5
Paragraph Construction
All paragraphs include introductory sentence, explanations or
details, and concluding sentence.
Most paragraphs include introductory sentence, explanations or
details, and concluding sentence.
Paragraphs included related information but were typically not
constructed well.
Paragraphing structure was not clear and sentences were not
typically related within the paragraphs.
X 2.5
Sequencing
Details are placed in a logical order and correspond to the
structure presented in the introduction.
Details are sometimes logically placed, but do not correspond to
the structure presented in the introduction.
Some details are not in a logical or expected order, and this
distracts the reader.
Many details are not in a logical or expected order. There is
little sense that the writing is organized.
X 2.5

8. Transitions
A variety of thoughtful transitions are used. They clearly show
how ideas are connected.
Transitions clearly show how ideas are connected, but there is
little variety.
Some transitions work well; but connections between other
ideas are fuzzy.
The transitions between ideas are unclear or nonexistent.
X 2.5
Supportive Research
Supporting research studies and/or reports are research-based
and accurately reported.
Supporting research studies and/or reports are not accurately
reported.
Research studies and/or reports do not support the discussion.
Research studies and/or reports are limited and/or inaccurately
reported.
X 2.5
Quality of Information
Information clearly relates to the main topic. It includes several
supporting details and/or examples.
Information clearly relates to the main topic. It provides 1-2
supporting details and/or examples.
Information clearly relates to the main topic. No details and/or
examples are given.
Information has little or nothing to do with the main topic.
X 2.5
Conclusion/
Recommendations

9. The conclusion effectively summarizes the discussion and
provides at least two recommendations for further research.
The conclusion summarizes the paper but provides only one
recommendation for further research.
The conclusion partially summarizes the discussion, but
provides no recommendations.
The conclusion is poorly constructed.
X 2.5
Sources
Citations
References
All sources (information and graphics) are accurately
documented in APA.
One source is not documented in APA format.
Two sources are not documented in APA format.
More than two sources are not documented in APA format.
X 2.5
Mechanics
No grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors.
One grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors.
Two grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors.
More than two grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors.
X 2.5
Timeliness
All late submissions have a 10 point (10%) deduction.
10

10. Total
100
Instructions:
Create and submit a rough draft of your research paper 8 – 10
pages’ double spaced. Be sure to properly format your paper
and include citations, using APA formatting guidelines.
Turnitin is used to assess the originality of your work--you want
to have less than 15% originality.